a Work & Stress Research Group, Centre for Applied Psychological Research, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2014 Jan;27(1):38-54. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2013.809421. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
Although single-session individual debriefing is contraindicated, the efficacy of group psychological debriefing remains unresolved. We conducted the first randomized controlled trial of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) with emergency workers (67 volunteer fire-fighters) following shared exposure to an occupational potentially traumatic event (PTE). The goals of group CISD are to prevent post-traumatic stress and promote return to normal functioning following a PTE. To assess both goals we measured four outcomes, before and after the intervention: post-traumatic stress, psychological distress, quality of life, and alcohol use. Fire brigades were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: (1) CISD, (2) Screening (i.e., no-treatment), or (3) stress management Education. Controlling for pre-intervention scores, CISD was associated with significantly less alcohol use post-intervention relative to Screening, and significantly greater post-intervention quality of life relative to Education. There were no significant effects on post-traumatic stress or psychological distress. Overall, CISD may benefit broader functioning following exposure to work-related PTEs. Future research should focus on individual, group, and organizational factors and processes that can promote recovery from operational stressors. Ultimately, an occupational health (rather than victim-based) approach will provide the best framework for understanding and combating potential threats to the health and well-being of workers at high risk for PTE exposure.
尽管单次个体汇报被认为是不合适的，但团体心理汇报的效果仍未得到解决。我们对经历了共同职业创伤性事件（PTE）的急救人员（67 名志愿消防员）进行了首次关于关键事件压力汇报（CISD）的随机对照试验。团体 CISD 的目标是预防创伤后应激障碍，并在 PTE 后促进恢复正常功能。为了评估这两个目标，我们在干预前后测量了四个结果：创伤后应激、心理困扰、生活质量和酒精使用。消防队被随机分配到以下三种治疗条件之一：（1）CISD，（2）筛查（即无治疗），或（3）应激管理教育。在控制干预前得分的情况下，与筛查相比，CISD 干预后酒精使用显著减少，与教育相比，干预后生活质量显著提高。创伤后应激和心理困扰没有显著影响。总体而言，CISD 可能有助于在接触与工作相关的 PTE 后更广泛的功能恢复。未来的研究应集中在个体、团体和组织因素和过程上，这些因素和过程可以促进从操作应激源中恢复。最终，以职业健康（而不是以受害者为基础）的方法将为理解和应对高风险 PTE 暴露工人的健康和福祉的潜在威胁提供最佳框架。
