Belendiuk Katherine A, Baldini Lisa L, Bonn-Miller Marcel O
Institute of Human Development, University of California, 1121 Tolman Hall #1690, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2015 Apr 21;10:10. doi: 10.1186/s13722-015-0032-7.
The present investigation aimed to provide an objective narrative review of the existing literature pertaining to the benefits and harms of marijuana use for the treatment of the most common medical and psychological conditions for which it has been allowed at the state level. Common medical conditions for which marijuana is allowed (i.e., those conditions shared by at least 80 percent of medical marijuana states) were identified as: Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cachexia/wasting syndrome, cancer, Crohn's disease, epilepsy and seizures, glaucoma, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, multiple sclerosis and muscle spasticity, severe and chronic pain, and severe nausea. Post-traumatic stress disorder was also included in the review, as it is the sole psychological disorder for which medical marijuana has been allowed. Studies for this narrative review were included based on a literature search in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Findings indicate that, for the majority of these conditions, there is insufficient evidence to support the recommendation of medical marijuana at this time. A significant amount of rigorous research is needed to definitively ascertain the potential implications of marijuana for these conditions. It is important for such work to not only examine the effects of smoked marijuana preparations, but also to compare its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in relation to existing pharmacological treatments.
本调查旨在对现有文献进行客观的叙述性综述，这些文献涉及在州一级允许使用大麻治疗最常见的医学和心理疾病的益处和危害。大麻被允许用于治疗的常见医学疾病（即至少80%的医用大麻州都认可的疾病）包括：阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、恶病质/消瘦综合征、癌症、克罗恩病、癫痫和发作、青光眼、丙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征、多发性硬化症和肌肉痉挛、严重慢性疼痛以及严重恶心。创伤后应激障碍也被纳入综述，因为它是唯一一种允许使用医用大麻治疗的心理疾病。本次叙述性综述的研究是基于在PsycINFO、MEDLINE和谷歌学术上的文献检索而纳入的。研究结果表明，对于这些疾病中的大多数，目前没有足够的证据支持推荐使用医用大麻。需要进行大量严格的研究来明确确定大麻对这些疾病的潜在影响。此类研究不仅要考察吸食大麻制剂的效果，还应比较其与现有药物治疗相比的安全性、耐受性和疗效，这一点很重要。
