Gisselsson-Solen Marie
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2015 May;17(5):476. doi: 10.1007/s11908-015-0476-7.
Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection in children and has a very varied clinical spectrum, ranging from spontaneous resolutions to serious complications. The effect of antibiotics in AOM depends on the chosen outcome, but has been shown to reduce pain somewhat, and have a greater beneficial effect in severe cases of AOM. Today, not all episodes of AOM are treated with antibiotics, but most countries have issued guidelines that include an option of watchful waiting in many cases. Prevention of AOM reaches from modification of environmental risk factors to vaccinations and surgery. Conjugate pneumococcal vaccines and influenza vaccines have been shown to somewhat reduce the number of AOM episodes in different groups of children. Grommets, with or without adenoidectomy, are effective at least during the first 6 months after surgery.
急性中耳炎（AOM）是儿童最常见的细菌感染，临床症状范围非常广泛，从自行痊愈到严重并发症都有。抗生素对AOM的疗效取决于所选的治疗结果，但已证明其能在一定程度上减轻疼痛，并且在严重的AOM病例中具有更大的有益效果。如今，并非所有AOM发作都用抗生素治疗，但大多数国家已发布指南，其中包括在许多情况下可选择进行观察等待。AOM的预防措施包括改变环境风险因素、接种疫苗和手术。已证明结合型肺炎球菌疫苗和流感疫苗能在一定程度上减少不同儿童群体中的AOM发作次数。鼓膜置管术，无论是否同时进行腺样体切除术，至少在术后的前6个月是有效的。
