Catania Joseph A, Dolcini M Margaret, Orellana Roberto, Narayanan Vasudah
a Hallie E. Ford Center for Healthy Children and Families, School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences , Oregon State University.
J Sex Res. 2015;52(4):396-411. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1016476.
With few exceptions, much of sexual science builds upon data from opportunistic nonprobability samples of limited generalizability. Although probability-based studies are considered the gold standard in terms of generalizability, they are costly to apply to many of the hard-to-reach populations of interest to sexologists. The present article discusses recent conclusions by sampling experts that have relevance to sexual science that advocates for nonprobability methods. In this regard, we provide an overview of Internet sampling as a useful, cost-efficient, nonprobability sampling method of value to sex researchers conducting modeling work or clinical trials. We also argue that probability-based sampling methods may be more readily applied in sex research with hard-to-reach populations than is typically thought. In this context, we provide three case studies that utilize qualitative and quantitative techniques directed at reducing limitations in applying probability-based sampling to hard-to-reach populations: indigenous Peruvians, African American youth, and urban men who have sex with men (MSM). Recommendations are made with regard to presampling studies, adaptive and disproportionate sampling methods, and strategies that may be utilized in evaluating nonprobability and probability-based sampling methods.
除了少数例外情况，性科学的大部分内容都建立在机会性非概率样本的数据基础之上，这些样本的普遍适用性有限。尽管基于概率的研究在普遍适用性方面被视为黄金标准，但将其应用于性学家感兴趣的许多难以接触到的人群时成本很高。本文讨论了抽样专家最近得出的与性科学相关的结论，这些结论支持非概率方法。在这方面，我们概述了网络抽样，它是一种对进行建模工作或临床试验的性研究人员有价值的、有用且具有成本效益的非概率抽样方法。我们还认为，基于概率的抽样方法在对难以接触到的人群进行性研究中的应用可能比通常认为的更容易。在此背景下，我们提供了三个案例研究，这些研究运用了定性和定量技术，旨在减少将基于概率的抽样应用于难以接触到的人群时的局限性：秘鲁原住民、非裔美国青年以及与男性发生性关系的城市男性（男男性行为者）。针对预抽样研究、适应性和非比例抽样方法以及可用于评估非概率和基于概率的抽样方法的策略提出了建议。
