砷在污染土壤中的生物可给性：体外测定与连续提取和 HNO3 提取相结合。
Arsenic bioaccessibility in contaminated soils: Coupling in vitro assays with sequential and HNO3 extraction.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China.
Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW2308, Australia.
出版信息
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Sep 15;295:145-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.011. Epub 2015 Apr 7.
Arsenic bioaccessibility varies with in vitro methods and soils. Four assays including unified BARGE method (UBM), Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium method (SBRC), in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG), and physiologically based extraction test (PBET), were used to determine As bioaccessibility in 11 contaminated soils (22-4,172 mg kg(-1)). The objective was to understand how bioaccessible As by different methods was related to different As pools based on sequential extraction and 0.43 M HNO3 extraction. Arsenic bioaccessibility was 7.6-25, 2.3-49, 7.3-44, and 1.3-38% in gastric phase (GP), and 5.7-53, 0.46-33, 2.3-42, and 0.86-43% in intestinal phase (IP) for UBM, SBRC, IVG, and PBET, respectively, with HNO3-extractable As being 0.90-60%. Based on sequential extraction, As was primarily associated with amorphous (AF3; 17-79%) and crystallized Fe/Al oxides (CF4; 6.4-73%) while non-specifically sorbed (NS1), specifically sorbed (SS2), and residual fractions (RS5) were 0-10%, 3.4-20% and 3.2-25%. Significant correlation was found between As bioaccessibility by PBET and NS1+SS2 (R(2) = 0.55-0.69), and UBM-GP and NS1 + SS2 + AF3 (R(2) = 0.58), indicating PBET mostly targeted As in NS1+SS2 whereas UBM in NS1 + SS2 + AF3. HNO3-extractable As was correlated to bioaccessible As by four methods (R(2) = 0.42-0.72) with SBRC-GP having the best correlation. The fact that different methods targeted different As fractions in soils suggested the importance of validation by animal test. Our data suggested that HNO3 may have potential to determine bioaccessible As in soils.
砷的生物可给性随体外方法和土壤而异。采用统一 BARGE 方法（UBM）、可溶性生物可给性研究协会方法（SBRC）、体外胃肠法（IVG）和基于生理学的提取试验（PBET）等四种方法，测定了 11 种污染土壤（22-4172mgkg(-1)）中的砷生物可给性。目的是了解不同方法测定的砷生物可给性与基于顺序提取和 0.43M HNO3 提取的不同砷库之间的关系。UBM、SBRC、IVG 和 PBET 在胃相（GP）中分别为 7.6-25%、2.3-49%、7.3-44%和 1.3-38%，在肠相（IP）中分别为 5.7-53%、0.46-33%、2.3-42%和 0.86-43%，而 HNO3 可提取砷为 0.90-60%。基于顺序提取，砷主要与无定形（AF3；17-79%）和结晶铁/铝氧化物（CF4；6.4-73%）有关，而非特异性吸附（NS1）、特异性吸附（SS2）和残留部分（RS5）为 0-10%、3.4-20%和 3.2-25%。发现 PBET 与 NS1+SS2（R(2) = 0.55-0.69）和 UBM-GP 与 NS1 + SS2 + AF3（R(2) = 0.58）之间存在显著相关性，表明 PBET 主要针对 NS1+SS2 中的砷，而 UBM 则针对 NS1 + SS2 + AF3 中的砷。四种方法测定的 HNO3 可提取砷与生物可给性砷呈正相关（R(2) = 0.42-0.72），其中 SBRC-GP 相关性最好。不同方法针对土壤中不同砷形态的事实表明，动物试验验证的重要性。我们的数据表明，HNO3 可能具有确定土壤中生物可给性砷的潜力。
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