Murias Juan M, Paterson Donald H
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CANADA; 2Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CANADA; and 3School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CANADA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Nov;47(11):2308-18. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000686.
The mechanisms controlling the rate of adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation have been debated for several years. Although disagreement exists as to what the prevailing mechanisms controlling the speed of the oxygen uptake (V̇O₂) kinetics are in both young and older individuals, it seems tenable that the slower V̇O₂ kinetics response typically observed in older adults is at least partly imposed by an O2 delivery limitation.
Several studies have demonstrated that different interventions can speed V̇O₂ kinetics in older individuals so that this response can become similar to that observed in their young counterparts. These findings have opened the debate as to whether aging per se, or other factors that accompany aging, is responsible for the slower adjustment of oxidative metabolism in the elderly. This review focuses on the slower V̇O₂ kinetics often observed in older populations and discusses potential mechanisms that might mediate the slower adjustment in oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, interventions that have been successful in speeding V̇O₂ kinetics in the elderly are described to discriminate how the controlling factors determining the adjustment of V̇O₂ might be regulated by specific perturbations. Importantly, this review shows that the slower adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation typically seen in older compared with young individuals can be completely abolished in some exceptional situations such as chronic endurance-exercise training, despite the age-related decrease in maximal V̇O₂ still being present.
Thus, this review focuses on the concept that although V̇O₂ kinetics is often slower in the elderly, this slower increase in the rise of oxygen uptake during the exercise on-transient does not need to be considered an inevitable response.
关于控制氧化磷酸化调节速率的机制，已争论多年。尽管对于控制年轻人和老年人摄氧量（V̇O₂）动力学速度的主要机制存在分歧，但在老年人中通常观察到的较慢的V̇O₂动力学反应似乎至少部分是由氧输送限制所导致的，这一观点似乎是合理的。
多项研究表明，不同的干预措施可以加快老年人的V̇O₂动力学，使其反应与年轻人相似。这些发现引发了关于是衰老本身还是伴随衰老的其他因素导致老年人氧化代谢调节较慢的争论。本综述重点关注老年人群中经常观察到的较慢的V̇O₂动力学，并讨论可能介导氧化磷酸化调节较慢的潜在机制。此外，还描述了在加快老年人V̇O₂动力学方面取得成功的干预措施，以区分决定V̇O₂调节的控制因素如何受到特定扰动的调节。重要的是，本综述表明，与年轻人相比，老年人中典型的氧化磷酸化调节较慢在某些特殊情况下，如慢性耐力运动训练，尽管最大V̇O₂仍存在与年龄相关的下降，但可以完全消除。
因此，本综述关注的概念是，尽管老年人的V̇O₂动力学通常较慢，但在运动过渡期间摄氧量上升的这种较慢增加并不需要被视为一种必然的反应。
