Jefferson Artrish, Cadet Valerie E, Hielscher Abigail
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA 30024, United States.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA 30024, United States.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2015 Sep;95(3):407-16. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.04.001. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
The use of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer is an emerging field of cancer research and therapy. Oncolytic viruses are designed to induce tumor specific immunity while replicating selectively within cancer cells to cause lysis of the tumor cells. While there are several forms of oncolytic viruses, the use of vaccinia viruses for oncolysis may be more beneficial than other forms of oncolytic viruses. For example, vaccinia viruses have been shown to exert their anti-tumor effects through genetic engineering strategies which enhance their therapeutic efficacy. This paper will address some of the most common forms of genetically modified vaccinia viruses and will explore the mechanisms whereby they selectively target, enter and destroy cancer cells. Furthermore, this review will highlight how vaccinia viruses activate host immune responses against cancer cells and will address clinical trials evaluating the tumor-directed and killing efficacy of these viruses against solid tumors.
溶瘤病毒用于癌症治疗是癌症研究与治疗中一个新兴的领域。溶瘤病毒旨在诱导肿瘤特异性免疫，同时在癌细胞内选择性复制以导致肿瘤细胞裂解。虽然有多种形式的溶瘤病毒，但痘苗病毒用于溶瘤可能比其他形式的溶瘤病毒更具优势。例如，痘苗病毒已被证明可通过基因工程策略发挥其抗肿瘤作用，从而提高其治疗效果。本文将探讨一些最常见的基因改造痘苗病毒形式，并探究它们选择性靶向、进入和破坏癌细胞的机制。此外，本综述将强调痘苗病毒如何激活宿主针对癌细胞的免疫反应，并将讨论评估这些病毒对实体瘤的肿瘤靶向和杀伤效果的临床试验。
