Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Milan , Italy.
Int Rev Immunol. 2015 Mar;34(2):123-33. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1018416.
Recruitment of immune and inflammatory cells in the microenvironment of solid tumors is highly heterogeneous and follows patterns, varying according to the organ of origin and stage of disease, with critical roles in the process of cancer onset and progression. While adaptive cells are endowed with anti-tumor activities, inflammatory components of the immune infiltrate orchestrate an immunosuppressive microenvironment that reveals ambivalent functions of the immune contexture in the tumor milieu. The balance between opposing pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral immune pathways, which occur concomitantly in the tumor microenvironment, and the regulatory networks of these phenomena have been the target of several immunotherapeutic strategies. While the scarcity of adaptive immune effectors in tumors correlates with dismal prognosis, the pathways of activation of tumor-specific lymphocytes are yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, the occurrence of tertiary lymphoid tissue was revealed to be critical in mediating the dynamics of T cell recruitment and local activation of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, tertiary lymphoid tissue assessment and targeting emerge as a promising approach for the design of novel prognostic immune signatures and immunotherapeutic strategies. The immunological behavior of tertiary lymphoid tissue, its occurrence in the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance are discussed here.
实体瘤微环境中免疫细胞和炎症细胞的募集具有高度异质性，并呈现出模式，根据起源器官和疾病阶段而变化，在癌症发生和进展过程中起着关键作用。虽然适应性细胞具有抗肿瘤活性，但炎症浸润的免疫成分可协调免疫抑制微环境，揭示了肿瘤微环境中免疫结构的双重功能。在肿瘤微环境中同时发生的对立的促肿瘤和抗肿瘤免疫途径之间的平衡，以及这些现象的调节网络，一直是几种免疫治疗策略的目标。虽然肿瘤中适应性免疫效应物的缺乏与预后不良相关，但肿瘤特异性淋巴细胞的激活途径仍有待充分阐明。最近，三级淋巴组织的发生被揭示为在肿瘤微环境中调节 T 细胞募集和局部免疫细胞激活的动力学中起着关键作用。因此，三级淋巴组织的评估和靶向被认为是设计新的预后免疫特征和免疫治疗策略的有前途的方法。本文讨论了三级淋巴组织的免疫学行为、其在肿瘤免疫微环境中的发生及其临床相关性。
