Al-sheyab Nihaya A, Al-Qudah Khaled M, Tahboub Yahya R
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery, and Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Aug;22(16):12415-23. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4462-2. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
There is scarcity in literature in regards to the exact levels of such compounds in the Middle Eastern region including Jordan. This study was conducted to measure the presence and levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (perfluoroocane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) in human milk and local fresh cow milk in northern Jordan and also to investigate the relationship between levels of PFASs and some sociodemographic characteristics of breastfeeding mothers and their infants as well as usage of Teflon kitchenware products. Seventy-nine milk samples were collected from breastfeeding women and 25 samples from local fresh cow milk in northern Jordan. Levels of PFOS and PFOA were liquid/liquid extracted (LLE) by acetone followed by purification on an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) solid-phase extraction (SPE). Separations and detections were performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 10 ng/L for both PFOA and PFOS. The measured concentrations ranged between non-detectable (ND) and 178 ng/L for PFOS and between 24 and 1120 ng/L for PFOA in human milk and between ND-178 ng/L and LOQ-160 ng/L in fresh cow milk, respectively. Median concentrations of PFOS in human milk samples from Jordan in this study were lower than those found in a recent study from Italy. Moreover, mean concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were significantly higher in milk samples provided by older women. Also, mean concentrations of PFOA was much higher in multiparas and those who have younger infants. The mean rank of PFOA was twice as high in the milk of women who had older Teflon products in kitchen compared to those who had relatively new Teflon products.
关于中东地区（包括约旦）此类化合物的确切含量，文献资料匮乏。本研究旨在测定约旦北部母乳和当地新鲜牛奶中全氟烷基物质（PFASs）（全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA））的存在情况及含量，同时调查PFASs含量与母乳喂养母亲及其婴儿的一些社会人口学特征以及特氟龙厨具产品使用情况之间的关系。从约旦北部的母乳喂养女性中收集了79份牛奶样本，从当地新鲜牛奶中收集了25份样本。PFOS和PFOA的含量采用丙酮液 - 液萃取（LLE），然后在Oasis亲水亲脂平衡（HLB）固相萃取（SPE）柱上进行净化。通过液相色谱 - 串联质谱法进行分离和检测。PFOA和PFOS的定量限（LOQs）均为10 ng/L。母乳中PFOS的测量浓度范围在未检出（ND）至178 ng/L之间，PFOA的浓度范围在24至1120 ng/L之间；新鲜牛奶中PFOS的浓度范围在ND - 178 ng/L之间，PFOA的浓度范围在LOQ - 160 ng/L之间。本研究中约旦母乳样本中PFOS的中位数浓度低于最近意大利一项研究中的浓度。此外，年龄较大女性提供的牛奶样本中PFOA和PFOS的平均浓度显著更高。而且，经产妇和婴儿年龄较小的母亲所提供牛奶样本中PFOA的平均浓度要高得多。与使用相对较新特氟龙产品的女性相比，厨房中使用较旧特氟龙产品的女性所产牛奶中PFOA的平均秩次高出两倍。
