Völkel W, Genzel-Boroviczény O, Demmelmair H, Gebauer C, Koletzko B, Twardella D, Raab U, Fromme H
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Environmental Health, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2008 Jul;211(3-4):440-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.024. Epub 2007 Sep 17.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFC) are a large group of chemicals produced for several decades and widely used for many industrial and consumer applications. Because of their global occurrence in different environmental media, their persistence and their potential to bioaccumulate in organisms they are of toxicological and public concern. In the present study, perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were quantified in 70 breast milk samples. Samples were obtained from Leipzig, Germany (38 archived samples), Munich, Germany (19 fresh samples) and Gyor, Hungary (13 frozen samples). PFOS could be quantified in all 70 samples. The concentration in samples from Germany ranged between 28 and 309 ng/l (median: 119 ng/l). Samples from Hungary showed significantly higher PFOS concentrations (median 330 ng/l, range 96-639 ng/l). In only 11 of 70 samples (16%) PFOA reached the LOQ (200 ng/l); values ranged from 201 to 460 ng/l. If only those samples with PFOA values above the LOQ were considered, we found a significant correlation between the PFOS and PFOA concentrations (r=0.75, p=0.008). Based on the results of the German sample, we estimated an intake of 0.10 microg PFOS/day (using median) or 0.27 PFOS microg/day (using maximum value) via breast milk for an infant of 5 kg bodyweight. Our data suggest that fully breastfed infants are unlikely to exceed the recommended tolerable daily intake of PFC. However, more target-oriented studies are needed to identify the amount and time-trend of PFOS and PFOA in maternal blood during pregnancy, after delivery, as well as in the growing infant and in its diet (e.g., breast milk and formula).
全氟化合物（PFC）是一类已生产数十年的化学物质，广泛应用于众多工业和消费领域。由于它们在全球不同环境介质中均有出现，具有持久性且有可能在生物体内生物累积，因此受到毒理学和公众关注。在本研究中，对70份母乳样本中的全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）进行了定量分析。样本取自德国莱比锡（38份存档样本）、德国慕尼黑（19份新鲜样本）和匈牙利杰尔（13份冷冻样本）。所有70份样本中均能检测到PFOS。德国样本中的浓度范围为28至309纳克/升（中位数：119纳克/升）。匈牙利的样本显示PFOS浓度显著更高（中位数330纳克/升，范围96 - 639纳克/升）。70份样本中仅有11份（16%）的PFOA达到定量限（200纳克/升）；其值范围为201至460纳克/升。若仅考虑PFOA值高于定量限的样本，我们发现PFOS和PFOA浓度之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.75，p = 0.008）。基于德国样本的结果，我们估计体重5千克的婴儿通过母乳摄入PFOS的量为0.10微克/天（使用中位数）或0.27微克/天（使用最大值）。我们的数据表明，纯母乳喂养的婴儿不太可能超过PFC的推荐每日耐受摄入量。然而，需要开展更具针对性的研究，以确定孕期、分娩后母体血液中以及成长中的婴儿及其饮食（如母乳和配方奶）中PFOS和PFOA的含量及时间趋势。
