Fahad Shah, Hussain Saddam, Khan Fahad, Wu Chao, Saud Shah, Hassan Shah, Ahmad Naeem, Gang Deng, Ullah Abid, Huang Jianliang
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Aug;22(16):12424-34. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4518-3. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
Cadmium (Cd) is among the most widespread and toxic heavy metals becoming a severe threat to humans. A field study was conducted to examine the role of various zinc (Zn) fertilization treatments and cultivars on crop productivity and Zn and Cd concentrations in brown rice and rice straw. The Zn fertilization treatments included an unfertilized control, foliar applied Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) at panicle initiation stage, foliar applied ZnSO4 at milky stage, soil application of rubber ash, and soil-applied ZnSO4, while five rice cultivars were Swat-1, Shadab, Shua-92, Swat-2, and Sada Hayat. All the Zn fertilization treatments resulted in significantly higher number of panicles, number of spikelets per panicles, spikelet fertility, 1,000-grain weight, grain yield, brown rice and rice straw Zn concentrations, and significantly lower Cd concentrations. Soil application of rubber ash remained the best among all Zn fertilization treatments as it resulted in 73% higher grain yield and reduced Cd concentration by 51% as compared with control. Variations were also apparent among cultivars, and Shua-92 and Swat-2 performed better in terms of all studied attributes as compared with other cultivars. Conclusively, cultivar selection and Zn application are effective strategies to improve rice grain yield as well as quality. Rubber ash appeared a viable source of Zn having the ability to increase yield along with reducing Cd accumulation.
镉（Cd）是分布最广且毒性最强的重金属之一，对人类构成严重威胁。开展了一项田间研究，以考察不同锌（Zn）施肥处理和品种对糙米和稻草中作物产量以及锌和镉浓度的影响。锌施肥处理包括不施肥对照、在幼穗分化期叶面喷施硫酸锌（ZnSO4）、在乳熟期叶面喷施硫酸锌、土壤施用橡胶灰以及土壤施用硫酸锌，而五个水稻品种分别是斯瓦特1号、沙达布、舒阿92号、斯瓦特2号和萨达哈亚特。所有锌施肥处理均使穗数、每穗小穗数、小穗育性、千粒重、籽粒产量、糙米和稻草锌浓度显著提高，镉浓度显著降低。在所有锌施肥处理中，土壤施用橡胶灰效果最佳，与对照相比，其籽粒产量提高了73%，镉浓度降低了51%。品种间也存在明显差异，与其他品种相比，舒阿92号和斯瓦特2号在所有研究性状方面表现更好。总之，品种选择和锌施用是提高水稻籽粒产量和品质的有效策略。橡胶灰似乎是一种可行的锌源，能够在增加产量的同时减少镉积累。
