Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2015 Sep;39(5):631-48. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuv010. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Over 40 years ago, Carl Woese and his colleagues discovered the existence of two distinctly different groups of prokaryotes-Bacteria and Archaea. In the meantime, extensive research revealed that several hundred of bacterial species are intensely associated with humans' health and disease. Archaea, originally identified and described to occur mainly in extreme environments, have been shown to be ubiquitous and to appear frequently and in high numbers as part of human microbiota in recent years. Despite the improvement in methodologies leading to increased detection, archaea are often still not considered in many studies focusing on the interdependency between members of the microbiota and components of the human immune system. As a consequence, the knowledge on functional role(s) of archaeal species within the human body is mainly limited to their contribution to nutrient degradation in the intestine, and evidence for immunogenic properties of archaea as part of the human microbiota is generally rare. In this review, the current knowledge of human mucosa-associated archaeal species, their interaction with the human immune system and their potential contribution to humans' health and disease will be discussed.
40 多年前，卡尔·沃斯（Carl Woese）及其同事发现了两种截然不同的原核生物——细菌和古菌。与此同时，大量研究表明，有数百种细菌与人类的健康和疾病密切相关。古菌最初被发现并描述为主要存在于极端环境中，近年来已被证明无处不在，并且经常以大量形式作为人类微生物组的一部分出现。尽管方法学的改进提高了检测水平，但在许多专注于微生物组成员与人类免疫系统成分之间相互依存关系的研究中，通常仍不考虑古菌。因此，关于古菌在人体内的功能作用的知识主要限于它们在肠道中对营养物质降解的贡献，并且古菌作为人类微生物组的一部分具有免疫原性的证据通常很少。在这篇综述中，将讨论与人类粘膜相关的古菌物种的现有知识，它们与人类免疫系统的相互作用以及它们对人类健康和疾病的潜在贡献。
