Vallianou Natalia G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou Fotini
a First Department of Internal Medicine , Evangelismos General Hospital , Athens , Greece.
b First Department of Pedicatrics, Hematology and Oncology , University of Athens , Athens , Greece.
J Chemother. 2019 Apr;31(2):59-63. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2018.1541046. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
The number of microbes in the human intestine is approximately 1 × 10, while the number of eukaryotic cells in the human body is around 1 × 10. As a result of co-evolution of the host mucosal immune system and the microbiota, both have developed multiple mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Nevertheless, when these mechanisms are disturbed by pathogenic bacteria, which invade this fragile environment, the immune system responds to the microbiota and may support tumour growth in the intestine. Data advocate that the microbiota and its interactions with the host could also be implicated in carcinogenesis in other organs. It is nowadays suggested that developing methods to selectively manipulate components of the microbiota and ultimately target tumorigenesis represents a complex but exciting challenge. In this review, the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the interplay between the microbiome and the innate system, which may be implicated in tumorigenesis are discussed. Also, the importance of the gut microbiota regarding efficacy and toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents, as well as the direct antitumor properties of the microbiota, will be reviewed.
人体肠道中的微生物数量约为1×10，而人体中的真核细胞数量约为1×10。由于宿主黏膜免疫系统与微生物群的共同进化，二者都发展出了多种维持内环境稳定的机制。然而，当这些机制受到入侵这个脆弱环境的病原菌干扰时，免疫系统会对微生物群做出反应，并可能促进肠道肿瘤生长。有数据表明，微生物群及其与宿主的相互作用也可能与其他器官的致癌作用有关。如今有人提出，开发选择性操纵微生物群成分并最终靶向肿瘤发生的方法是一项复杂但令人兴奋的挑战。在这篇综述中，将讨论微生物组与先天免疫系统之间相互作用的主要致病机制，这些机制可能与肿瘤发生有关。此外，还将综述肠道微生物群对当前化疗药物疗效和毒性的重要性，以及微生物群的直接抗肿瘤特性。
