社会合作中的互惠与利他主义。
Reciprocation and altruism in social cooperation.
作者信息
Safin Vasiliy, Arfer Kodi B, Rachlin Howard
机构信息
Stony Brook University, USA.
Stony Brook University, USA.
出版信息
Behav Processes. 2015 Jul;116:12-6. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.04.009. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
Altruistic behavior benefits other individuals at a cost to oneself. The purpose of the present experiment was to study altruistic behavior by players (P) in 2-person iterated prisoner's dilemma games in which reciprocation by the other player (OP) was impossible, and this impossibility was clear to P. Altruism by P could not therefore be attributed to expectation of reciprocation. The cost to P of altruistic behavior was constant throughout the study, but the benefit to OP from P's cooperation differed between groups and conditions. Rate of cooperation was higher when benefit to OP was higher. Thus altruism (not attributable to expectation of reciprocation) can be a significant factor in interpersonal relationships as studied in iterated prisoner's dilemma games, and needs to be taken into account in their analysis.
利他行为是以自身付出为代价使其他个体受益。本实验的目的是研究在两人重复囚徒困境博弈中玩家（P）的利他行为，在该博弈中另一名玩家（OP）无法进行 reciprocation，且P清楚这一点。因此，P的利他行为不能归因于对 reciprocation的期望。在整个研究过程中，P的利他行为成本保持不变，但P的合作给OP带来的收益在不同组和条件下有所不同。当给OP的收益更高时，合作率也更高。因此，在重复囚徒困境博弈所研究的人际关系中，利他行为（不能归因于对 reciprocation的期望）可能是一个重要因素，在对其进行分析时需要加以考虑。 注：原文中reciprocation未给出释义，暂保留英文。
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