Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.
Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Institute for Community Health Promotion, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
J Adolesc Health. 2015 May;56(5):536-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.012.
African-American youth are at high risk for physical inactivity. This study explored social and cultural environment facilitators of physical activity among 12- to 14-year-old African-American adolescents living in a metropolitan area in the Southeast.
Youth (n = 51; 45% male) participated in brainstorming focus groups responding to the prompt, "What about your family, friends, and community, encourages you to be physically active?" In a second meeting, participants (n = 56; 37.5% male) sorted statements (n = 84) based on similarity in meaning and rated statements on relative importance. Statement groups and ratings were entered into Concept Systems software where multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to create graphical representation of ideas. Finally, researchers named clusters according to the gestalt of grouped statements.
The total sample included 28.9% of youth with household incomes ≤$30,000 (area median income = $30,701), 29% who perceived themselves as overweight, and 14.5% who reported being active for 60+ minutes everyday. Nine clusters, in rank order, emerged as follows: access/availability of physical activity resources; family and friend support; physical activity with friends; physical activity with family members; inspiration to/from others; parental reinforcement; opportunities in daily routine; pressure from social networks; and seeing consequences of activity/inactivity. Themes analyzed by gender were very similar (r = .90); however, "pressure from social networks" was more important for girls than boys (r = .10).
Clear patterns of social and cultural facilitators of physical activity are perceived by African-American adolescents. Interventions targeting this group may benefit by incorporating these themes.
非裔美国青少年身体活动不足的风险很高。本研究探讨了生活在东南部大都市地区的 12 至 14 岁非裔美国青少年身体活动的社会和文化环境促进因素。
青少年（n=51；45%为男性）参加了头脑风暴焦点小组，回答了“关于你的家庭、朋友和社区，有哪些事情鼓励你积极参加体育活动？”的提示。在第二次会议上，参与者（n=56；37.5%为男性）根据相似的含义对 84 条陈述进行分类，并根据相对重要性对陈述进行评分。陈述组和评分被输入 Concept Systems 软件，多维尺度分析和层次聚类分析用于创建想法的图形表示。最后，研究人员根据陈述的整体形态为聚类命名。
总样本包括 28.9%的家庭收入≤30000 美元（该地区的中位数收入为 30701 美元）的青少年、29%认为自己超重的青少年和 14.5%每天报告活跃 60 分钟以上的青少年。按等级顺序，出现了以下九个聚类：体育活动资源的获取/可用性；家人和朋友的支持；与朋友一起进行体育活动；与家人一起进行体育活动；从他人获得灵感；父母的强化；日常生活中的机会；来自社交网络的压力；以及看到活动/不活动的后果。按性别分析的主题非常相似（r=0.90）；然而，“来自社交网络的压力”对女孩比男孩更重要（r=0.10）。
非裔美国青少年清楚地认识到身体活动的社会和文化促进因素。针对该群体的干预措施可能会受益于纳入这些主题。
