Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Jul 1;157:146-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.053. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to financial environmental policy instruments that have played important roles in solving agri-environmental problems throughout the world, particularly in the European Union and the United States. The ample and increasing literature on Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and agri-environmental measures (AEMs), generally understood as governmental PES, shows that certain single design rules may have an impact on the success of a particular measure. Based on this research, we focused on the interplay of several design rules and conducted a comparative analysis of AEMs' institutional arrangements by examining 49 German cases. We analyzed the effects of the design rules and certain rule combinations on the success of AEMs. Compliance and noncompliance with the hypothesized design rules and the success of the AEMs were surveyed by questioning the responsible agricultural administration and the AEMs' mid-term evaluators. The different rules were evaluated in regard to their necessity and sufficiency for success using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Our results show that combinations of certain design rules such as environmental goal targeting and area targeting conditioned the success of the AEMs. Hence, we generalize design principles for AEMs and discuss implications for the general advancement of ecosystem services and the PES approach in agri-environmental policies. Moreover, we highlight the relevance of the results for governmental PES program research and design worldwide.
近年来，人们越来越关注金融环境政策工具，这些工具在解决农业环境问题方面发挥了重要作用，特别是在欧盟和美国。关于生态系统服务付费（PES）和农业环境措施（AEM）的大量且不断增加的文献，通常被理解为政府 PES，表明某些单一的设计规则可能会对特定措施的成功产生影响。基于这项研究，我们专注于几个设计规则的相互作用，并通过研究 49 个德国案例对 AEM 的制度安排进行了比较分析。我们分析了设计规则和某些规则组合对 AEM 成功的影响。通过询问负责农业管理的机构和 AEM 的中期评估人员，调查了这些设计规则和假设的规则组合对 AEM 成功的遵守和不遵守情况。使用定性比较分析（QCA）评估了不同规则在成功方面的必要性和充分性。我们的研究结果表明，某些设计规则的组合，如环境目标定位和区域定位，影响了 AEM 的成功。因此，我们为 AEM 概括了设计原则，并讨论了这些原则对生态系统服务的普遍推进和农业环境政策中 PES 方法的影响。此外，我们还强调了这些结果对全球政府 PES 计划研究和设计的相关性。
