Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro (Padova), 35020, Italy.
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro (Padova), 35020, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2021 May 1;285:112131. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112131. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Agri-environmental measures (AEMs) are meant to foster environmentally-friendly farming techniques. The use of AEMs to enhance agroecosystem quality is still under debate due to site-specific spatial mismatches that often occur between adopted AEMs and delivered ecosystem services. Here, a site-specific approach was employed to assess the advantages and disadvantages of AEMs adopted from the Rural Development Programme and applied in the Veneto Region (NE Italy) during 2014-2020. Specifically, a DayCent model-GIS platform compared business-as-usual (BAU) and AEM scenarios. The effect of AEMs on ecosystem services was assessed by integrating high-resolution spatial data from multiple pedo-climates and land managements and combined agronomic and environmental outcomes. Results showed that AEM adoption generally improved ecosystem service delivery, especially by reducing water pollution and increasing soil fertility. Among simulated practices, permanent soil cover and minimum soil disturbance (i.e., conservation agriculture, pasture and meadow maintenance) produced the best results across the Veneto Region, despite compromises in agronomic performance due to AEM-specific commitments (e.g., narrow crop rotation in conservation agriculture, fertilizer use restrictions in pastures and meadows). Other AEMs (e.g., organic farming) appeared highly dependent on their spatial distribution and were influenced by a strong interaction between pedo-climatic characteristics (e.g., soil properties) and management techniques (e.g., type and quantity of nutrients input). The spatial-target approach is highly recommended to identify AEMs that achieve environmental quality objectives and develop indications as to where they should be encouraged to maximize ecosystem services delivery.
农业环境措施（AEMs）旨在促进环保型农业技术。由于采用的 AEM 与提供的生态系统服务之间经常存在特定地点的空间不匹配，因此使用 AEM 来提高农业生态系统质量仍存在争议。在这里，采用了特定地点的方法来评估 2014-2020 年在意大利东北部威尼托地区采用的农村发展计划中的 AEM 的优缺点。具体来说，使用 DayCent 模型-GIS 平台比较了常规做法（BAU）和 AEM 情景。通过整合来自多个土壤气候和土地管理的高分辨率空间数据，并结合农业和环境成果，评估了 AEM 对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明，AEM 的采用通常可以改善生态系统服务的提供，特别是通过减少水污染和增加土壤肥力。在所模拟的实践中，尽管由于 AEM 特定的承诺（例如，保护性农业中的窄轮作，牧场和草地中的肥料使用限制）会影响农业表现，但永久性土壤覆盖和最小土壤干扰（即，保护性农业，牧场和草地维护）在威尼托地区产生了最佳效果。其他 AEM（例如有机农业）似乎高度依赖其空间分布，并受到土壤气候特征（例如土壤特性）与管理技术（例如养分输入的类型和数量）之间强烈相互作用的影响。强烈建议采用空间目标方法来确定实现环境质量目标的 AEM，并制定应在何处鼓励它们以最大程度地提供生态系统服务的指示。
