Raghupathy Riya, Anilkumar Anupama Ambika, Polley Anirban, Singh Parvinder Pal, Yadav Mahipal, Johnson Charles, Suryawanshi Sharad, Saikam Varma, Sawant Sanghapal D, Panda Aniruddha, Guo Zhongwu, Vishwakarma Ram A, Rao Madan, Mayor Satyajit
National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, India; Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy, Thanjavur 613401, India.
Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 080, India; Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
Cell. 2015 Apr 23;161(3):581-594. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.048.
Understanding how functional lipid domains in live cell membranes are generated has posed a challenge. Here, we show that transbilayer interactions are necessary for the generation of cholesterol-dependent nanoclusters of GPI-anchored proteins mediated by membrane-adjacent dynamic actin filaments. We find that long saturated acyl-chains are required for forming GPI-anchor nanoclusters. Simultaneously, at the inner leaflet, long acyl-chain-containing phosphatidylserine (PS) is necessary for transbilayer coupling. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of asymmetric multicomponent-membrane bilayers in a mixed phase provide evidence that immobilization of long saturated acyl-chain lipids at either leaflet stabilizes cholesterol-dependent transbilayer interactions forming local domains with characteristics similar to a liquid-ordered (lo) phase. This is verified by experiments wherein immobilization of long acyl-chain lipids at one leaflet effects transbilayer interactions of corresponding lipids at the opposite leaflet. This suggests a general mechanism for the generation and stabilization of nanoscale cholesterol-dependent and actin-mediated lipid clusters in live cell membranes.
理解活细胞膜中功能性脂质结构域是如何形成的一直是一项挑战。在此,我们表明跨膜相互作用对于由膜相邻动态肌动蛋白丝介导的糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定蛋白的胆固醇依赖性纳米簇的形成是必要的。我们发现形成GPI锚纳米簇需要长饱和酰基链。同时,在内侧小叶,含长酰基链的磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)对于跨膜偶联是必需的。混合相中不对称多组分膜双层的全原子分子动力学模拟提供了证据,即在任一小叶固定长饱和酰基链脂质可稳定胆固醇依赖性跨膜相互作用,形成具有类似于液晶有序(lo)相特征的局部结构域。这通过实验得到验证,即在一个小叶固定长酰基链脂质会影响相对小叶上相应脂质的跨膜相互作用。这表明了活细胞膜中纳米级胆固醇依赖性和肌动蛋白介导的脂质簇生成和稳定的一般机制。