Nörmark S, Mosha H J
Institute for Community Dentistry and Graduate Studies, Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;17(6):317-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00646.x.
The study was done in 1982/83 as an oral health baseline for a comprehensive health project involving primary school children in rural areas of Tanzania. A number of 399 standard two pupils with a mean age of 10.9 yr were dentally examined and interviewed using closed questions. Interexaminer reproducibility for caries was 99%, inter-interviewer reliabilities for population correspondence were between 81% and 100%. DMFS + defs was 1.1 for the 92% brushing their teeth daily and 1.9 for children brushing once a week or less. The amount of plaque, calculus, and gingivitis showed no relation to brushing, if it was performed more than once a week. The effect of using chewing sticks or plastic toothbrushes was identical. Children eating cakes, biscuits and/or sweets at least three times a day seemed to have more caries than the rest, DMFS + defs being 1.5 and 1.1, respectively. Consumption of sugar cane did not show any relation to the caries amount. In one of five districts traditional removal of primary tooth germs had caused a mean loss (or deformity) of 1.0 permanent tooth, thereby being the most injurious dental condition. The study confirms the need of educational interventions. It does not indicate any justification for prompting children in general to brush more than once a day or restricting sweet snacks to less than once a day.
该研究于1982/83年开展，作为坦桑尼亚农村地区一项涉及小学生的综合健康项目的口腔健康基线调查。对399名标准二年级学生（平均年龄10.9岁）进行了口腔检查，并使用封闭式问题进行访谈。检查者间龋齿诊断的再现性为99%，访谈者间人口对应可靠性在81%至100%之间。对于每天刷牙的92%的儿童，DMFS+defs为1.1，而对于每周刷牙一次或更少的儿童，该值为1.9。如果每周刷牙次数超过一次，牙菌斑、牙结石和牙龈炎的量与刷牙情况无关。使用咀嚼棒或塑料牙刷的效果相同。每天至少吃三次蛋糕、饼干和/或糖果的儿童似乎比其他儿童患龋齿更多，DMFS+defs分别为1.5和1.1。食用甘蔗与龋齿量没有任何关系。在五个地区中的一个，传统的乳牙胚拔除导致恒牙平均缺失（或畸形）1.0颗，是最有害的口腔状况。该研究证实了教育干预的必要性。它并未表明有任何理由促使儿童普遍每天刷牙超过一次或限制甜零食每天食用少于一次。
