Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Aug;22(16):12644-54. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4444-4. Epub 2015 Apr 26.
The aim of this study was to determine the abundance and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dust samples collected from the selected professional cooking workplaces (WCs) and residential household cooking areas (WRs), where traditional and primitive cooking practices are still prevelent. Another aim of this study was to investigate the carcinogenic risk for Pakistani human exposure to dust-bound PAHs via the routes of inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Generally, the concentration of individual congeners of PAHs in surface dust samples of WC sites was higher than those measured in WR sites (p < 0.05). The benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a very high carcinogenic compound, was present in the dust samples from WC sites in the highest mean concentration (630 ng g(-1) dry weight (d.w.)). The BaP mean concentration in WC workplaces was almost eight times higher than the mean value found in WR exposure sites. Moreover, the average concentration of ∑PAHs, combustion origin PAHs (∑COMB) and sum total of 7-carcinogenic PAHs (∑7-carcinogens) were also significantly higher in WC dusts samples than that in WR workplaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios suggested coal/wood combustion as major PAH emission sources in both exposure sites. The average incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) suggested a moderate to potential high cancer risk for adults and children exposed to dust-bound PAHs in both exposure sites, in particular via both dermal and ingestion contact pathways.
本研究旨在确定在选定的专业烹饪工作场所（WC）和住宅家庭烹饪区（WR）采集的灰尘样本中多环芳烃（PAHs）的丰度和分布，这些地方仍普遍存在传统和原始的烹饪方式。本研究的另一个目的是通过吸入、摄入和皮肤接触途径，调查巴基斯坦人因接触灰尘中结合的 PAHs 而致癌的风险。一般来说，WC 场所表面灰尘样本中各单体多环芳烃的浓度高于 WR 场所（p<0.05）。在 WC 场所的灰尘样本中存在高致癌化合物苯并（a）芘（B(a)P），其浓度最高（630ng/g 干重（d.w.））。WC 工作场所的 BaP 平均浓度几乎是 WR 暴露场所的 8 倍。此外，WC 灰尘样本中∑PAHs、燃烧源 PAHs（∑COMB）和 7 种致癌性 PAHs 的总和（∑7-致癌原）的平均浓度也明显高于 WR 工作场所。主成分分析（PCA）和诊断比表明，在两个暴露场所中，煤/木材燃烧是 PAH 的主要排放源。平均终生增量癌症风险（ILCR）表明，暴露于两个暴露场所中灰尘结合的 PAHs 的成年人和儿童存在中度至潜在高癌症风险，特别是通过皮肤接触和摄入接触途径。
