John Thomas
Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2015 Apr;11 Suppl 1:2-8. doi: 10.1111/ajco.12361.
The two dominant approaches to manipulating cancer immunotherapeutics are active, where the immune system is directly stimulated, and passive, where antitumor antibodies stimulate an indirect immune response. At this point, the active approach is receiving more attention in the arena of lung cancer, with ongoing vaccine clinical trials and studies investigating the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular those that block the programmed death 1(PD-1) receptor and its ligands. Early results from trials of PD-1/PD-L1 ligand inhibitors in nonsmall cell lung cancer are promising, with patients experiencing rapid and durable responses in the first-, second- and third-line setting as well as in combination with chemotherapy and other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although the number of patients in these trials is small and the results are preliminary, lung cancer physicians are encouraged that they may soon have agents that confer benefits in excess of those seen with chemotherapy to offer their patients. Further results of ongoing trials are highly anticipated.
操控癌症免疫疗法的两种主要方法，一种是主动方法，即直接刺激免疫系统；另一种是被动方法，即抗肿瘤抗体刺激间接免疫反应。目前，主动方法在肺癌领域受到更多关注，正在进行的疫苗临床试验以及研究正在探究免疫检查点抑制剂的作用，特别是那些阻断程序性死亡1（PD-1）受体及其配体的抑制剂。非小细胞肺癌中PD-1/PD-L1配体抑制剂试验的早期结果很有前景，患者在一线、二线和三线治疗中以及与化疗和其他免疫检查点抑制剂联合使用时都出现了快速且持久的反应。尽管这些试验中的患者数量较少且结果是初步的，但肺癌医生受到鼓舞，因为他们可能很快就会有比化疗更具优势的药物来为患者提供治疗。人们高度期待正在进行的试验能有进一步结果。
