Basharin V A, Grebeniuk A N, Markizova N F, Preobrazhenskaia T N, Sarmanaev S Kh, Tolkach P G
Voen Med Zh. 2015 Jan;336(1):22-8.
The article provides an overview of published scientific data about toxic chemical compounds formed during thermal degradation of various materials. In case of fire the complex of physical and chemical factors affect the human, along with injuries, thermal burns of the skin and respiratory tract there is a lack of oxygen in the inspired air and the impact of thermal degradation products. The greatest number of deaths in.a fire due to the inhalation by the victims smoke and toxic gases. The impact of the combination of toxic substances leads to the development of various forms of toxic process. The main causes of poisoning at the fires due to the effects of toxic substances and substances which can cause structural and functional disorders of the respiratory organ. Intoxication manifestations by some of them appear already in the fire zone, in other cases, in cases of poisoning by the compounds of the slow motion, there is the latent period of of intoxication. Knowledge of the spectrum of toxic products thermal destruction on the human during the fire, it is necessary to develop approaches to improve medical care and creation of tools of medical protection.
本文概述了已发表的关于各种材料热降解过程中形成的有毒化学化合物的科学数据。发生火灾时，物理和化学因素的综合作用会影响人体，除了受伤、皮肤和呼吸道的热烧伤外，吸入的空气中还会缺氧以及受到热降解产物的影响。火灾中死亡人数最多的原因是受害者吸入烟雾和有毒气体。有毒物质的组合作用会导致各种形式的中毒过程。火灾中毒的主要原因是有毒物质以及可能导致呼吸器官结构和功能紊乱的物质的影响。其中一些物质的中毒表现已经出现在火灾区域，在其他情况下，对于缓慢作用化合物中毒的情况，存在中毒潜伏期。了解火灾期间热破坏产生的有毒产物对人体的影响范围，有必要开发改善医疗护理的方法并创造医疗防护工具。
