Carias Diamela, García-Casal María Nieves, Soto de Sanabria Ingrid, López Rodríguez Ana Victoria
Departamento de Tecnologia de Procesos Biológicos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2013 Dec;63(4):329-37.
Niacin is a water soluble vitamin, also known as nicotinic acid or Vitamin B3. Nicotinamide is a derivative of niacin (amide of nicotinic acid), and is used by the body to produce the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), In preparing this review about the niacin requirements for Venezuela, it was found that there is not enough national data to establish recommendations, therefore, as in the 2000 review of the Venezuelan Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), the actual recommendations for intake of niacin, are based on those reported for the United States population. The RDAs for Venezuela are: 2-4 mg/day for infants less than 1 year old, 6-8 mg/day for children between 1 and 8 years, 12 mg/day for children between 9 and 13 years, 14 mg/day for adolescents and female adults, 16 mg/day for adolescents and adult males, 18 mg/day during pregnancy and 17 mg/day during lactation. The estimated average requirement (EAR) is: 6-9 mg/day for children, 11 mg/ day for adolescents and female adults and 12 mg/day for adolescents and adult males, increasing to 14 mg/day during pregnancy and to 13 mg/day during lactation. The niacin Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) are: 10 mg/day for children between 1 and 3 years, 15 mg/day for children between 4 and 8 years, 20 mg/day for children between 9 and 13 years, 30 mg/day for adolescents and 35 mg/day for adults. It is necessary to perform studies where the nutritional status of this vitamin is evaluated for different population groups, including not only the estimation of consumption, but the use of biochemical indicators, such as measuring the levels of the coenzymes NAD and NADP in erythrocytes or whole blood and determination of the major urinary metabolites of the vitamin.
烟酸是一种水溶性维生素，也被称为尼克酸或维生素B3。烟酰胺是烟酸的衍生物（尼克酸的酰胺），人体利用它来生成辅酶烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP）。在撰写关于委内瑞拉烟酸需求量的这篇综述时，发现没有足够的国内数据来制定建议，因此，如同2000年委内瑞拉推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）综述一样，目前关于烟酸摄入量的实际建议是基于美国人群的报告数据。委内瑞拉的RDA为：1岁以下婴儿2 - 4毫克/天，1至8岁儿童6 - 8毫克/天，9至13岁儿童12毫克/天，青少年和成年女性14毫克/天，青少年和成年男性16毫克/天，孕期18毫克/天，哺乳期17毫克/天。估计平均需求量（EAR）为：儿童6 - 9毫克/天，青少年和成年女性11毫克/天，青少年和成年男性12毫克/天，孕期增至14毫克/天，哺乳期增至13毫克/天。烟酸的可耐受最高摄入量（UL）为：1至3岁儿童10毫克/天，4至8岁儿童15毫克/天，9至13岁儿童20毫克/天，青少年30毫克/天，成年人35毫克/天。有必要开展研究，评估不同人群组中这种维生素的营养状况，这不仅包括对摄入量的估计，还包括使用生化指标，如测量红细胞或全血中辅酶NAD和NADP的水平以及测定该维生素的主要尿代谢产物。
