Nieman D C, Underwood B C, Sherman K M, Arabatzis K, Barbosa J C, Johnson M, Shultz T D
Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, California 92350.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1989 Dec;89(12):1763-9.
The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intakes of Seventh-Day Adventist elderly women who were similar in many demographic and life-style factors except for choice of diet. Twenty-three vegetarian and 14 non-vegetarian elderly women (mean +/- standard error ages 72.2 +/- 1.3 and 71.1 +/- 1.4 years, respectively) were recruited on the basis of several selection criteria, including race, religion, education, geographic area, Quetelet index, self-reported absence of major chronic disease and use of medications, and physical activity. Average years +/- SE of adherence to dietary regimens were 47.0 +/- 2.9 and 71.2 +/- 1.4 in the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups, respectively. Results from analysis of 7-day food records showed that vegetarians consumed significantly less cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and caffeine but more carbohydrate, dietary fiber, magnesium, vitamins E and A, thiamin, pantothenic acid, copper, and manganese than non-vegetarians (p less than .05). On the basis of group means, 67% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance was met for all nutrients except zinc and vitamin D in both groups, and vitamins B-6, folacin, and vitamin E in the non-vegetarians. Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarians had significantly lower serum glucose (5.18 +/- 0.11 vs. 4.65 +/- 0.09 mmol/L), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (4.08 +/- 0.25 vs. 3.34 +/- 0.19 mmol/L), and total cholesterol levels (6.46 +/- 0.27 vs. 5.62 +/- 0.21 mmol/L) (p less than .05). In summary, when healthy elderly vegetarian women were compared with closely matched non-vegetarian peers, the vegetarian diet was associated with improved nutrient intake and associated reductions in blood glucose and lipid levels.
本研究的目的是调查基督复临安息日会老年女性的营养摄入量，这些女性在许多人口统计学和生活方式因素上相似，但饮食选择不同。根据种族、宗教、教育程度、地理区域、体重指数、自我报告无重大慢性病及用药情况以及身体活动等多项选择标准，招募了23名素食老年女性和14名非素食老年女性（平均年龄±标准误分别为72.2±1.3岁和71.1±1.4岁）。素食组和非素食组坚持饮食方案的平均年数±标准误分别为47.0±2.9年和71.2±1.4年。对7天食物记录的分析结果显示，素食者摄入的胆固醇、饱和脂肪酸和咖啡因显著少于非素食者，但碳水化合物、膳食纤维、镁、维生素E和A、硫胺素、泛酸、铜和锰的摄入量多于非素食者（p<0.05）。根据组均值，两组除锌和维生素D外，所有营养素均达到推荐膳食摄入量的67%，非素食者的维生素B-6、叶酸和维生素E达到推荐膳食摄入量。与非素食者相比，素食者的血清葡萄糖（5.18±0.11 vs. 4.65±0.09 mmol/L）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（4.08±0.25 vs. 3.34±0.19 mmol/L）和总胆固醇水平（6.46±0.27 vs. 5.62±0.21 mmol/L）显著更低（p<0.05）。总之，当将健康的老年素食女性与匹配度高的非素食同龄人进行比较时，素食饮食与营养摄入改善以及血糖和血脂水平降低相关。
