Nieman D C, Sherman K M, Arabatzis K, Underwood B C, Barbosa J C, Johnson M, Shultz T D, Lee J
Department of Health Science, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, California 92350.
Int J Sports Med. 1989 Aug;10(4):243-51. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024910.
The purpose of this study was to investigate hematological, anthropometric, and metabolic differences in elderly women who were similar in most respects except for choice of diet. Nineteen vegetarian (V) and 12 non-vegetarian (NV) elderly women (mean ages 72.3 +/- 1.4 and 69.5 +/- 1.0 years, respectively) were recruited based on several selection criteria including race, religion, education, Quetelet Index, absence of major chronic disease and use of medications, physical activity, and geographic area. Average years of adherence by V and NV groups to dietary regimens were 46.3 +/- 3.3 and 69.6 +/- 1.0, respectively; Hematological comparisons revealed that the V elderly women had significantly lower glucose (4.60 +/- 0.09 vs 5.13 +/- 0.11 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.14 +/- 0.19 vs 4.09 +/- 0.27 mmol/L) and total cholesterol levels (5.41 +/- 0.20 vs 6.48 +/- 0.29 mmol/L) than the NV elderly women (P less than 0.01) for each. The V elderly women tended to have less body fat and midupper arm muscle area than the NV. No differences between groups were found in a variety of metabolic and electrocardiographic parameters during graded maximal treadmill testing except for lower heart rates in the V women. VO2max was not significantly different between the V and NV elderly women (23.8 +/- 1.5 vs 21.9 +/- 0.8 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively). In summary, when healthy elderly V women are compared with closely matched NV peers, the vegetarian diet is associated with several benefits, primarily lower blood glucose and lipid levels, but not greater functional capacity.
本研究的目的是调查在大多数方面相似但饮食选择不同的老年女性的血液学、人体测量学和代谢差异。根据种族、宗教、教育程度、体重指数、无重大慢性病及用药情况、身体活动和地理区域等多项选择标准，招募了19名素食（V）老年女性和12名非素食（NV）老年女性（平均年龄分别为72.3±1.4岁和69.5±1.0岁）。V组和NV组对饮食方案的平均坚持年限分别为46.3±3.3年和69.6±1.0年；血液学比较显示，V组老年女性的血糖（4.60±0.09 vs 5.13±0.11 mmol/L）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（3.14±0.19 vs 4.09±0.27 mmol/L）和总胆固醇水平（5.41±0.20 vs 6.48±0.29 mmol/L）均显著低于NV组老年女性（P均小于0.01）。V组老年女性的体脂和上臂中部肌肉面积往往比NV组少。在分级最大运动平板试验期间，除了V组女性心率较低外，两组在各种代谢和心电图参数方面没有差异。V组和NV组老年女性的最大摄氧量无显著差异（分别为23.8±1.5 vs 21.9±0.8 ml·kg-1·min-1）。总之，当将健康的老年素食女性与匹配度高的非素食同龄人进行比较时，素食饮食有多种益处，主要是降低血糖和血脂水平，但功能能力并无增强。
