Fernández-Feito Ana, Lana Alberto, Baldonedo-Cernuda Ricardo, Mosteiro-Díaz María Pilar
Universidad de Oviedo.
Psicothema. 2015;27(2):128-33. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2014.203.
Anxiety experienced by women during their participation in breast cancer screening programs can condition their adherence to the program. The aim was to determine whether a brief nursing intervention could reduce anxiety before screening mammography.
A randomized controlled trial carried out with 436 Spanish women aged between 50-69 years, who attended a population breast cancer screening program. The experimental group received an ad-hoc tailored intervention, which consisted of offering information about the screening program and the mammography exam, as well as of providing personal emotional support. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Fear of screening outcome and fear of breast cancer were also assessed.
Women of the experimental group had 60% less probability of having a high anxiety state (OR = 0.40; 95%: CI [0.25, 0.65]), after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Regarding trait anxiety, no differences were observed between groups. The stratified analysis showed that this positive impact was greater in women who did not fear the screening outcome (OR = 0.24; 95% CI [0.11, 0.52]) or breast cancer (OR = 0.07; 95% CI [0.01, 0.41]).
A protocolized nursing intervention reduced the probability of being anxious when undergoing a screening mammography.
女性在参与乳腺癌筛查项目时所经历的焦虑会影响她们对该项目的依从性。目的是确定一项简短的护理干预措施是否能在乳腺钼靶筛查前减轻焦虑。
对436名年龄在50 - 69岁之间、参加人群乳腺癌筛查项目的西班牙女性进行了一项随机对照试验。实验组接受了一项专门定制的干预措施，包括提供有关筛查项目和乳腺钼靶检查的信息，以及给予个人情感支持。使用状态 - 特质焦虑量表（STAI）评估焦虑情况。还评估了对筛查结果的恐惧和对乳腺癌的恐惧。
在对社会人口统计学和临床变量进行调整后，实验组女性处于高焦虑状态的概率降低了60%（OR = 0.40；95%：CI [0.25, 0.65]）。关于特质焦虑，两组之间未观察到差异。分层分析表明，这种积极影响在不恐惧筛查结果（OR = 0.24；95% CI [0.11, 0.52]）或不恐惧乳腺癌（OR = 0.07；95% CI [0.01, 0.41]）的女性中更大。
一项规范化的护理干预措施降低了乳腺钼靶筛查时焦虑的可能性。
