Maenner Matthew J, Greenberg Jan S, Mailick Marsha R
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2015 May;120(3):244-57. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-120.3.244.
Lower (versus higher) IQ scores have been shown to increase the risk of early mortality, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and previous studies underrepresent individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and women. This study followed one third of all senior-year students (approximately aged 17) attending public high school in Wisconsin, U.S. in 1957 (n = 10,317) until 2011. Men and women with the lowest IQ test scores (i.e., IQ scores ≤ 85) had increased rates of mortality compared to people with the highest IQ test scores, particularly for cardiovascular disease. Importantly, when educational attainment was held constant, people with lower IQ test scores did not have higher mortality by age 70 than people with higher IQ test scores. Individuals with lower IQ test scores likely experience multiple disadvantages throughout life that contribute to increased risk of early mortality.
较低（相对于较高）的智商分数已被证明会增加过早死亡的风险，然而，其潜在机制却知之甚少，而且以往的研究未能充分代表智障人士和女性。本研究追踪了1957年美国威斯康星州公立高中所有高三学生（约17岁）的三分之一（n = 10317），直至2011年。智商测试分数最低（即智商分数≤85）的男性和女性与智商测试分数最高的人相比，死亡率有所上升，尤其是心血管疾病。重要的是，当教育程度保持不变时，到70岁时，智商测试分数较低的人并不比智商测试分数较高的人死亡率更高。智商测试分数较低的个体在一生中可能会经历多种不利因素，这些因素会增加过早死亡的风险。
