The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Oct 15;296:192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.051. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
Tattooing is becoming increasingly popular, particularly amongst young people. However, tattoo inks contain a complex mixture of chemical impurities that may pose a long-term risk for human health. As a first step towards the risk assessment of these complex mixtures we propose to assess the toxicological hazard potential of tattoo ink chemicals with cell-based bioassays. Targeted modes of toxic action and cellular endpoints included cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and adaptive stress response pathways. The studied tattoo inks, which were extracted with hexane as a proxy for the bioavailable fraction, caused effects in all bioassays, with the red and yellow tattoo inks having the greatest response, particularly inducing genotoxicity and oxidative stress response endpoints. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tested black tattoo ink at concentrations twice the recommended level. The detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons only explained 0.06% of the oxidative stress response of the black tattoo ink, thus the majority of the effect was caused by unidentified components. The study indicates that currently available tattoo inks contain components that induce adaptive stress response pathways, but to evaluate the risk to human health further work is required to understand the toxicokinetics of tattoo ink chemicals in the body.
纹身变得越来越流行，尤其是在年轻人中。然而，纹身墨水含有复杂的化学杂质混合物，可能对人类健康构成长期风险。作为对这些复杂混合物进行风险评估的第一步，我们建议使用基于细胞的生物测定法来评估纹身墨水化学物质的毒理学危害潜力。靶向毒性作用模式和细胞终点包括细胞毒性、遗传毒性和适应性应激反应途径。研究中的纹身墨水，用正己烷作为生物可利用部分的替代物进行提取，在所有生物测定中都引起了反应，红色和黄色纹身墨水的反应最大，特别是诱导遗传毒性和氧化应激反应终点。化学分析显示，在测试的黑色纹身墨水中存在多环芳烃，浓度是建议水平的两倍。所检测到的多环芳烃仅解释了黑色纹身墨水氧化应激反应的 0.06%，因此大部分影响是由未识别的成分引起的。该研究表明，目前市售的纹身墨水含有诱导适应性应激反应途径的成分，但要评估对人类健康的风险，需要进一步研究以了解纹身墨水化学物质在体内的毒代动力学。
