Volpe Roberto, Sotis Gianluca
Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy,
High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2015 Sep;22(3):199-201. doi: 10.1007/s40292-015-0092-5. Epub 2015 May 1.
Cardiometabolic risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and arterial hypertension, are major predictors of the premature development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Since CVD prevention needs a life-course approach, beyond dietary and pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological treatment should be considered an important alternative for patients in primary prevention with mild-moderate cardiometabolic risk factors at low-moderate global risk of CVD. Several functional foods and nutraceuticals are efficacious, safe and well tolerated. However, only some (monacolins of red yeast rice and omega-3 fatty acids) have showed, in long-term randomized clinical trials, a reduction of cardiovascular events.
心血管代谢危险因素，如高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、代谢综合征、糖尿病和动脉高血压，是心血管疾病（CVD）过早发生的主要预测因素。由于心血管疾病的预防需要采取贯穿一生的方法，除了饮食和药物治疗外，非药物治疗应被视为对心血管疾病全球风险处于低至中度、具有轻度至中度心血管代谢危险因素的一级预防患者的重要替代方案。几种功能性食品和营养保健品有效、安全且耐受性良好。然而，只有一些（红曲米中的莫纳可林和ω-3脂肪酸）在长期随机临床试验中显示可减少心血管事件。
