Podlesnik Christopher A, Bai John Y H
Florida Institute of Technology and The Scott Center for Autism Research.
The University of Auckland.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2015 Jul;104(1):30-47. doi: 10.1002/jeab.155. Epub 2015 May 1.
Reinforcing an alternative response in the presence of the stimuli governing a target response increases resistance to extinction of target responding, relative to training target responding on its own. Conversely, training alternative and target responses in the presence of different stimuli and combining those stimuli only decreases resistance to extinction of target responding, relative to target responding on its own. The present study assessed how different methods of combining discriminative stimuli influence resistance to extinction of responding in pigeons. As in previous studies, combining stimuli across different keys only decreased resistance to extinction of target responding relative to target responding on its own. In comparison, combining stimuli on the same key initially increased resistance to extinction of target responding, but repeated tests resulted in similar levels of responding as target responding with stimuli combined on separate keys. Moreover, greater overall reinforcement rates produced greater resistance to extinction with both methods of combining stimuli, consistent with behavioral momentum theory. These findings reveal several behavioral processes influence the outcome of combining stimuli--including perceptual processes, discriminative control by contingencies, response competition, and behavioral momentum.
在控制目标反应的刺激存在时强化替代反应，相对于单独训练目标反应，会增加目标反应对消退的抵抗力。相反，在不同刺激存在时训练替代反应和目标反应，并仅将这些刺激组合起来，相对于单独的目标反应，只会降低目标反应对消退的抵抗力。本研究评估了组合辨别性刺激的不同方法如何影响鸽子反应对消退的抵抗力。与之前的研究一样，跨不同按键组合刺激相对于单独的目标反应只会降低目标反应对消退的抵抗力。相比之下，在同一按键上组合刺激最初会增加目标反应对消退的抵抗力，但重复测试导致的反应水平与在单独按键上组合刺激时的目标反应相似。此外，两种组合刺激的方法中，更高的总体强化率都会产生更大的对消退的抵抗力，这与行为动量理论一致。这些发现揭示了几个影响刺激组合结果的行为过程——包括感知过程、由偶然性进行的辨别性控制、反应竞争和行为动量。
