Bai John Y H, Jonas Chan C K, Elliffe Douglas, Podlesnik Christopher A
The University of Auckland.
University of Sydney.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2016 Nov;106(3):225-241. doi: 10.1002/jeab.227.
The baseline rate of a reinforced target response decreases with the availability of response-independent sources of alternative reinforcement; however, resistance to disruption and relapse increases. Because many behavioral treatments for problem behavior include response-dependent reinforcement of alternative behavior, the present study assessed whether response-dependent alternative reinforcement also decreases baseline response rates but increases resistance to extinction and relapse. We reinforced target responding at equal rates across two components of a multiple schedule with pigeons. We compared resistance to extinction and relapse via reinstatement of (1) a target response trained concurrently with a reinforced alternative response in one component with (2) a target response trained either concurrently or in separate components from the alternative response across conditions. Target response rates trained alone in baseline were higher but resistance to extinction and relapse via reinstatement tests were greater after training concurrently with the alternative response. In another assessment, training target and alternative responding together, but separating them during extinction and reinstatement tests, produced equal resistance to extinction and relapse. Together, these findings are consistent with behavioral momentum theory-operant response-reinforcer relations determined baseline response rates but Pavlovian stimulus-reinforcer relations established during training determined resistance to extinction and relapse. These findings imply that reinforcing alternative behavior to treat problem behavior could initially reduce rates but increase persistence.
强化目标反应的基线率会随着与反应无关的替代强化源的可得性而降低；然而，对干扰和复发的抵抗力会增强。由于许多针对问题行为的行为疗法都包括对替代行为的反应依赖型强化，因此本研究评估了反应依赖型替代强化是否也会降低基线反应率，但会增加对消退和复发的抵抗力。我们以相同的速率在多重时间表的两个组成部分中强化鸽子的目标反应。我们通过恢复（1）在一个组成部分中与强化的替代反应同时训练的目标反应，与（2）在不同条件下与替代反应同时或在单独组成部分中训练的目标反应，比较了对消退和复发的抵抗力。在基线时单独训练的目标反应率较高，但在与替代反应同时训练后，通过恢复测试对消退和复发的抵抗力更强。在另一项评估中，一起训练目标反应和替代反应，但在消退和恢复测试期间将它们分开，产生了对消退和复发的同等抵抗力。总之，这些发现与行为动量理论一致——操作性反应-强化物关系决定了基线反应率，但训练期间建立的巴甫洛夫式刺激-强化物关系决定了对消退和复发的抵抗力。这些发现意味着，强化替代行为来治疗问题行为最初可能会降低发生率，但会增加持久性。
