Kang Min, He Jianfeng, Song Tie, Rutherford Shannon, Wu Jie, Lin Jinyan, Huang Guofeng, Tan Xiaohua, Zhong Haojie
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
PLoS One. 2015 May 1;10(5):e0126335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126335. eCollection 2015.
To provide an increased understanding of avian influenza A(H7N9) activity in live-poultry market in space and time and hence improve H7N9 epidemic control, an ongoing environmental sampling program in multiple live-poultry markets across Guangdong, China was conducted during March 2013-June 2014.
A total of 625 live-poultry markets throughout 21 prefecture areas took part in the study. A total of 10 environmental sites in markets for sampling were identified to represent 4 different poultry-related activity areas. At least 10 environmental samples were collected from each market every month. The real time RT-PCR was performed to detect the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus. Field survey was conducted to investigate the sanitation status of live-poultry markets.
There were 109 human infections with H7N9 avian influenza in Guangdong, of which 37 (34%) died. A total of 18741 environmental swabs were collected and subjected to real-time RT-PCR test, of which 905(4.83%) were found positive for H7N9 virus. There were 201 (32.16%) markets affected by H7N9 in 16 prefecture areas. The detection of H7N9 virus in markets spiked in winter months. 63.33% markets (38/60) had no physical segregation for poultry holding, slaughter or sale zones. Closing live-poultry market significantly decreased the H7N9 detection rate from 14.83% (112/755) to 1.67% (5/300).
This study indicates the importance of live-poultry market surveillance based on environmental sampling for H7N9 Avian Influenza control. Improving live-poultry market management and sanitation and changing consumer practices are critical to reduce the risk of H7N9 infection.
为了更好地了解甲型H7N9禽流感病毒在活禽市场的时空活动情况，从而加强H7N9疫情防控，于2013年3月至2014年6月在中国广东省多个活禽市场开展了一项持续的环境采样项目。
来自21个地级市的625个活禽市场参与了本研究。在市场中确定了10个用于采样的环境点位，以代表4个不同的家禽相关活动区域。每个市场每月至少采集10份环境样本。采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测甲型H7N9禽流感病毒。开展现场调查以了解活禽市场的卫生状况。
广东省共有109例人感染H7N9禽流感病例，其中37例（34%）死亡。共采集了18741份环境拭子并进行实时RT-PCR检测，其中905份（4.83%）H7N9病毒检测呈阳性。16个地级市的201个（32.16%）市场受到H7N9病毒影响。市场中H7N9病毒的检测在冬季出现高峰。63.33%的市场（38/60）在家禽饲养、屠宰或销售区域没有实体分隔。关闭活禽市场显著降低了H7N9病毒的检测率，从14.83%（112/755）降至1.67%（5/300）。
本研究表明基于环境采样的活禽市场监测对于防控H7N9禽流感的重要性。改善活禽市场管理和卫生状况以及改变消费者行为对于降低H7N9感染风险至关重要。
