Amin Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, P.O. Box: 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 20;14(1):4233. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54420-2.
The access of vinasse leachates to water bodies and groundwater exacerbates environmental problems, especially eutrophication. Therefore, a column experiment was performed to examine the effect of adding zeolite (ZL), bone char (BC), and wood chips biochar (WCB) in the presence of vinasse on carbon dioxide (CO) emission, leaching dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonium (NH) in calcareous sandy soil, as well as studying the kinetics of leaching dissolved organic carbon and ammonium. This column experiment contains four treatments: soil alone (CK), soil + zeolite (SZL), soil + bone char (SBC), and soil + wood chips biochar (SWCB). These amendments were applied to the soil at a level of 4%. Vinasse was added to all treatments at a level of 13 mL per column. The leached total cumulative DOC and total cumulative soluble ammonium amounts decreased significantly with applying ZL, BC, and WCB compared with the soil alone. The effectiveness of these amendments in lowering the total cumulative DOC leaching is in the order of SBC > SWCB > SZL > CK. However, the effectiveness of these amendments in decreasing the total cumulative NH leaching is in the order of SZL > SWCB > SBC > CK. The rate constant (k) of DOC leaching decreased significantly with the application of bone char compared to soil alone treatment. In the presence of vinasse, the apparent half-life of leached DOC from the soil was 8.1, 12.9, 36.7, and 15.5 days for soil CK, SZL, SBC, and SWCB treatments, respectively. Half-life values of leached soluble ammonium from the soil in the presence of vinasse addition were 10.1, 39.5, 28.5, and 37.9 days for CK, SZL, SBC, and SWCB treatments, respectively. Amending soil with BC increased significantly the phosphorus availability, however, applying ZL and BC caused a significant increase in the available potassium in calcareous sandy soil compared to the control treatment. According to these results, it is recommended not to add vinasse alone to sandy soils, but it is preferred to be co-applied with BC amendment at the level of 4% better than ZL and WCB. This would decrease leaching DOC and ammonium to the water table and groundwater as well as enhance nutrient retention in the soil, which in turn, plays a vital role in reducing the harmful effect of vinasse and improving soil fertility.
酒糟渗滤液进入水体和地下水会加剧环境问题，尤其是富营养化。因此，进行了一项柱实验，以研究在酒糟存在的情况下添加沸石（ZL）、骨炭（BC）和木屑生物炭（WCB）对钙质砂土中二氧化碳（CO）排放、溶解性有机碳（DOC）和铵（NH）淋溶的影响，并研究溶解性有机碳和铵的淋溶动力学。该柱实验包含四种处理：单独土壤（CK）、土壤 + 沸石（SZL）、土壤 + 骨炭（SBC）和土壤 + 木屑生物炭（SWCB）。这些改良剂以4%的比例施用于土壤。所有处理均以每柱13 mL的水平添加酒糟。与单独土壤相比，添加ZL、BC和WCB后，淋溶的总累积DOC和总累积可溶性铵量显著降低。这些改良剂在降低总累积DOC淋溶方面的有效性顺序为SBC＞SWCB＞SZL＞CK。然而，这些改良剂在减少总累积NH淋溶方面的有效性顺序为SZL＞SWCB＞SBC＞CK。与单独土壤处理相比，添加骨炭后DOC淋溶的速率常数（k）显著降低。在酒糟存在的情况下，土壤CK、SZL、SBC和SWCB处理中，土壤淋溶DOC的表观半衰期分别为8.1、12.9、36.7和15.5天。在添加酒糟的情况下，土壤淋溶可溶性铵的半衰期值在CK、SZL、SBC和SWCB处理中分别为10.1、39.5、28.5和37.9天。用BC改良土壤显著提高了磷的有效性，然而，与对照处理相比，施用ZL和BC导致钙质砂土中有效钾显著增加。根据这些结果，建议不要单独向砂土中添加酒糟，而是最好与4%水平的BC改良剂共同施用，这比ZL和WCB更好。这将减少DOC和铵向地下水位和地下水的淋溶，并提高土壤中的养分保留，进而在减少酒糟的有害影响和提高土壤肥力方面发挥重要作用。
