Hayslip Bert, Paggi Kay, Caballero Daniela
University of North Texas, Murrells Inlet, SC, USA
Private Practice, Dallas, TX, USA.
J Appl Gerontol. 2016 Nov;35(11):1130-1153. doi: 10.1177/0733464815581482. Epub 2015 May 1.
Mental Aerobics (MA) is a cognitively oriented intervention designed to improve older adults' perceptions of their cognitive ability as well as positively impact their performance. Forty-seven community-residing older adults (M age = 67.39, SD = 5.75) were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n = 24) or a waiting list control (n = 23) group. Participants in both treatment and control conditions completed measures of depression, self-rated health, cognitive functioning, and cognitive self-efficacy. Findings support the conclusion that MA can be an effective intervention in improving older adults' affectivity, everyday task self-efficacy, and self-rated health. The impact of MA on measures of generalized fluid ability (Gf) and generalized crystallized ability (Gc) skills was moderated by level of education. The subsequent provision of MA training to controls minimized the performance differences between the treatment and control conditions, as well as the moderating effect of level of education. These findings suggest that MA can be effectively used to enhance older adults' views of their skills, critical to efforts to maintain cognitive functioning into later life, although some older persons may benefit to a greater extent than others.
心理保健操（MA）是一种以认知为导向的干预措施，旨在改善老年人对自身认知能力的看法，并对其表现产生积极影响。47名居住在社区的老年人（年龄中位数 = 67.39，标准差 = 5.75）被随机分配到治疗组（n = 24）或等待名单对照组（n = 23）。治疗组和对照组的参与者都完成了抑郁、自评健康、认知功能和认知自我效能的测量。研究结果支持以下结论：心理保健操可以作为一种有效的干预措施，改善老年人的情感、日常任务自我效能和自评健康。心理保健操对广义流体能力（Gf）和广义晶体能力（Gc）技能测量的影响受到教育水平的调节。随后对对照组进行心理保健操训练，缩小了治疗组和对照组之间的表现差异，以及教育水平的调节作用。这些研究结果表明，心理保健操可以有效地用于增强老年人对自身技能的看法，这对于维持晚年认知功能的努力至关重要，尽管一些老年人可能比其他人受益更大。
