Dittmann-Kohli F, Lachman M E, Kliegl R, Baltes P B
Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Germany.
J Gerontol. 1991 Jul;46(4):P162-4. doi: 10.1093/geronj/46.4.p162.
Elderly adults (N = 116; average age = 73 years) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups varying in the amount of training and testing on fluid intelligence tests. They were compared before and after treatment on self-efficacy and utility beliefs for intelligence tests and everyday competence. Although both ability training and extended retest practice resulted in significant gains in objective test performance (Baltes, Kliegl, & Dittmann-Kohli, 1988), only ability training resulted in positive changes in self-efficacy. However, these changes were restricted to test-related self-efficacy. Training had no impact on perceived utility or on everyday self-efficacy beliefs. Implications of the results are discussed with regard to interventions to increase intellectual self-efficacy in elderly persons.
老年人（N = 116；平均年龄 = 73岁）被随机分配到四个治疗组之一，这些组在流体智力测试的训练和测试量上有所不同。在治疗前后，对他们在智力测试的自我效能感和效用信念以及日常能力方面进行了比较。尽管能力训练和延长的重测练习都导致了客观测试成绩的显著提高（巴尔特斯、克利格尔和迪特曼 - 科赫利，1988），但只有能力训练导致了自我效能感的积极变化。然而，这些变化仅限于与测试相关的自我效能感。训练对感知效用或日常自我效能感信念没有影响。讨论了这些结果对于提高老年人智力自我效能感干预措施的意义。
