Rösler Alexander, Pfeil Silke, Lessmann Hendrik, Höder Jürgen, Befahr Alina, von Renteln-Kruse Wolfgang
Kath. Marienkrankenhaus GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
Regio Klinikum Pinneberg, Pinneberg, Germany.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015 Aug 1;16(8):697-701. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.03.020. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
To evaluate influences of disease severity and food texture on prevalence and type of dysphagia in hospitalized geriatric patients.
We screened for dysphagia in 161 geriatric inpatients with different forms of dementia and 30 control patients.
Signs of aspiration were registered with 3 different food consistencies (water, apple puree, and slice of an apple) and the latency until the first swallow was documented.
Geriatric department of an academic teaching hospital in Hamburg, Germany.
Compared with the controls, patients with dementia more often showed signs of aspiration. In the patients with dementia, signs of aspiration occurred more frequently with water (35.6%) than with a slice of an apple (15.1%) or apple puree (6.3%). We observed an inverse relationship between Mini-Mental State Examination score level and the suspected rate of aspiration, as well as with the length of latency until the first swallow of puree.
The prevalence of dysphagia is high in patients with dementia, especially in patients with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. The relationships observed in this study encourage screening for dysphagia and adapting meal consistencies to prevent aspiration in patients with dementia.
评估疾病严重程度和食物质地对住院老年患者吞咽困难的患病率及类型的影响。
我们对161例患有不同形式痴呆症的老年住院患者和30例对照患者进行了吞咽困难筛查。
记录了3种不同食物稠度（水、苹果泥和苹果片）的误吸迹象，并记录了首次吞咽前的延迟时间。
德国汉堡一所学术教学医院的老年科。
与对照组相比，痴呆症患者更常出现误吸迹象。在痴呆症患者中，水引起的误吸迹象（35.6%）比苹果片（15.1%）或苹果泥（6.3%）更频繁。我们观察到简易精神状态检查表评分水平与疑似误吸率以及泥状食物首次吞咽前的延迟时间之间呈负相关。
痴呆症患者吞咽困难的患病率很高，尤其是在中度至重度认知障碍患者中。本研究中观察到的关系促使对吞咽困难进行筛查，并调整食物稠度以防止痴呆症患者误吸。
