Jewell Kelsea A, McCormick Caroline A, Odt Christine L, Weimer Paul J, Suen Garret
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Jul;81(14):4697-710. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00720-15. Epub 2015 May 1.
Fourteen Holstein cows of similar ages were monitored through their first two lactation cycles, during which ruminal solids and liquids, milk samples, production data, and feed consumption data were collected for each cow during early (76 to 82 days in milk [DIM]), middle (151 to 157 DIM), and late (251 to 257 DIM) lactation periods. The bacterial community of each ruminal sample was determined by sequencing the region from V6 to V8 of the 16S rRNA gene using 454 pyrosequencing. Gross feed efficiency (GFE) for each cow was calculated by dividing her energy-corrected milk by dry matter intake (ECM/DMI) for each period of both lactation cycles. Four pairs of cows were identified that differed in milk production efficiency, as defined by residual feed intake (RFI), at the same level of ECM production. The most abundant phyla detected for all cows were Bacteroidetes (49.42%), Firmicutes (39.32%), Proteobacteria (5.67%), and Tenericutes (2.17%), and the most abundant genera included Prevotella (40.15%), Butyrivibrio (2.38%), Ruminococcus (2.35%), Coprococcus (2.29%), and Succiniclasticum (2.28%). The bacterial microbiota between the first and second lactation cycles were highly similar, but with a significant correlation between total community composition by ruminal phase and specific bacteria whose relative sequence abundances displayed significant positive or negative correlation with GFE or RFI. These data suggest that the ruminal bacterial community is dynamic in terms of membership and diversity and that specific members are associated with high and low milk production efficiency over two lactation cycles.
对14头年龄相近的荷斯坦奶牛进行了前两个泌乳周期的监测，在此期间，在泌乳早期（产奶76至82天）、中期（151至157天）和晚期（251至257天）收集每头奶牛的瘤胃固体和液体、牛奶样本、生产数据以及饲料消耗数据。使用454焦磷酸测序技术对16S rRNA基因从V6到V8区域进行测序，从而确定每个瘤胃样本的细菌群落。通过将每头奶牛在两个泌乳周期各阶段的能量校正乳除以干物质采食量（ECM/DMI）来计算每头奶牛的总饲料效率（GFE）。确定了四对奶牛，它们在相同的能量校正乳产量水平下，根据剩余采食量（RFI）定义的产奶效率有所不同。在所有奶牛中检测到的最丰富的门是拟杆菌门（49.42%）、厚壁菌门（39.32%）、变形菌门（5.67%）和柔膜菌门（2.17%），最丰富的属包括普雷沃氏菌属（40.15%）、丁酸弧菌属（2.38%）、瘤胃球菌属（2.35%）、粪球菌属（2.29%）和琥珀酸分解菌属（2.28%）。第一个和第二个泌乳周期之间的细菌微生物群高度相似，但瘤胃阶段的总群落组成与特定细菌之间存在显著相关性，这些特定细菌的相对序列丰度与总饲料效率或剩余采食量呈显著正相关或负相关。这些数据表明，瘤胃细菌群落在成员和多样性方面是动态的，并且特定成员与两个泌乳周期内的高产奶效率和低产奶效率相关。
