Rogers Timothy T, Patterson Karalyn, Jefferies Elizabeth, Ralph Matthew A Lambon
MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
Neuropsychologia. 2015 Sep;76:220-39. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.015. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
We present a case-series comparison of patients with cross-modal semantic impairments consequent on either (a) bilateral anterior temporal lobe atrophy in semantic dementia (SD) or (b) left-hemisphere fronto-parietal and/or posterior temporal stroke in semantic aphasia (SA). Both groups were assessed on a new test battery designed to measure how performance is influenced by concept familiarity, typicality and specificity. In line with previous findings, performance in SD was strongly modulated by all of these factors, with better performance for more familiar items (regardless of typicality), for more typical items (regardless of familiarity) and for tasks that did not require very specific classification, consistent with the gradual degradation of conceptual knowledge in SD. The SA group showed significant impairments on all tasks but their sensitivity to familiarity, typicality and specificity was more variable and governed by task-specific effects of these factors on controlled semantic processing. The results are discussed with reference to theories about the complementary roles of representation and manipulation of semantic knowledge.
我们呈现了一个病例系列比较，对象是因以下两种情况导致跨模态语义障碍的患者：(a) 语义性痴呆（SD）中的双侧颞叶前部萎缩；(b) 语义性失语（SA）中的左侧额顶叶和/或颞叶后部中风。两组患者均接受了一套新的测试组合评估，该测试组合旨在衡量表现如何受到概念熟悉度、典型性和特异性的影响。与先前的研究结果一致，SD患者的表现受到所有这些因素的强烈调节，对于更熟悉的项目（无论典型性如何）、更典型的项目（无论熟悉度如何）以及不需要非常具体分类的任务，表现更好，这与SD中概念知识的逐渐退化一致。SA组在所有任务上均表现出显著损伤，但他们对熟悉度、典型性和特异性的敏感性更具变异性，且受这些因素对受控语义处理的任务特定效应的支配。我们结合关于语义知识表征和操作的互补作用的理论对结果进行了讨论。
