Radoshitzky Sheli R, Bào Yīmíng, Buchmeier Michael J, Charrel Rémi N, Clawson Anna N, Clegg Christopher S, DeRisi Joseph L, Emonet Sébastien, Gonzalez Jean-Paul, Kuhn Jens H, Lukashevich Igor S, Peters Clarence J, Romanowski Victor, Salvato Maria S, Stenglein Mark D, de la Torre Juan Carlos
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA,
Arch Virol. 2015 Jul;160(7):1851-74. doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2418-y.
Until recently, members of the monogeneric family Arenaviridae (arenaviruses) have been known to infect only muroid rodents and, in one case, possibly phyllostomid bats. The paradigm of arenaviruses exclusively infecting small mammals shifted dramatically when several groups independently published the detection and isolation of a divergent group of arenaviruses in captive alethinophidian snakes. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that these reptilian arenaviruses constitute a sister clade to mammalian arenaviruses. Here, the members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group, together with other experts, outline the taxonomic reorganization of the family Arenaviridae to accommodate reptilian arenaviruses and other recently discovered mammalian arenaviruses and to improve compliance with the Rules of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of arenavirus genomes and NP amino acid pairwise distances support the modification of the present classification. As a result, the current genus Arenavirus is replaced by two genera, Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus, which are established to accommodate mammalian and reptilian arenaviruses, respectively, in the same family. The current species landscape among mammalian arenaviruses is upheld, with two new species added for Lunk and Merino Walk viruses and minor corrections to the spelling of some names. The published snake arenaviruses are distributed among three new separate reptarenavirus species. Finally, a non-Latinized binomial species name scheme is adopted for all arenavirus species. In addition, the current virus abbreviations have been evaluated, and some changes are introduced to unequivocally identify each virus in electronic databases, manuscripts, and oral proceedings.
直到最近，单属科沙粒病毒科（沙粒病毒）的成员一直被认为仅感染鼠科啮齿动物，并且在一个案例中，可能感染叶口蝠。当几个研究小组独立发表在圈养的有鳞目蛇类中检测和分离出一组不同的沙粒病毒时，沙粒病毒专门感染小型哺乳动物的模式发生了巨大变化。初步系统发育分析表明，这些爬行动物沙粒病毒构成了哺乳动物沙粒病毒的姐妹进化枝。在此，国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）沙粒病毒科研究小组的成员与其他专家共同概述了沙粒病毒科的分类重组，以纳入爬行动物沙粒病毒和其他最近发现的哺乳动物沙粒病毒，并提高对《国际病毒分类和命名规则》（ICVCN）的遵守情况。沙粒病毒基因组的成对序列比较（PASC）和核蛋白氨基酸成对距离支持对当前分类进行修改。结果，当前的沙粒病毒属被两个属取代，即哺乳动物沙粒病毒属（Mammarenavirus）和爬行动物沙粒病毒属（Reptarenavirus），这两个属分别用于容纳同一科中的哺乳动物和爬行动物沙粒病毒。维持了哺乳动物沙粒病毒目前的物种格局，为伦克病毒（Lunk virus）和美利奴漫步病毒（Merino Walk virus）新增了两个新物种，并对一些名称的拼写进行了细微修正。已发表的蛇沙粒病毒分布在三个新的独立爬行动物沙粒病毒物种中。最后，所有沙粒病毒物种都采用了非拉丁化的双名物种命名方案。此外，对当前的病毒缩写进行了评估，并引入了一些变化，以便在电子数据库、手稿和口头报告中明确识别每种病毒。
