The George Washington University, Milken Institute for Public Health, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA.
BMC Microbiol. 2024 Apr 4;24(1):115. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03257-w.
Despite repeated spillover transmission and their potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in human hosts, the New World mammarenaviruses remain largely understudied. These viruses are endemic to South America, with animal reservoir hosts covering large geographic areas and whose transmission ecology and spillover potential are driven in part by land use change and agriculture that put humans in regular contact with zoonotic hosts.We compiled published studies about Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Chapare virus, Sabia virus, and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus to review the state of knowledge about the viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by New World mammarenaviruses. We summarize what is known about rodent reservoirs, the conditions of spillover transmission for each of these pathogens, and the characteristics of human populations at greatest risk for hemorrhagic fever diseases. We also review the implications of repeated outbreaks and biosecurity concerns where these diseases are endemic, and steps that countries can take to strengthen surveillance and increase capacity of local healthcare systems. While there are unique risks posed by each of these six viruses, their ecological and epidemiological similarities suggest common steps to mitigate spillover transmission and better contain future outbreaks.
尽管新世界沙粒病毒一再溢出传播，并且有可能在人类宿主中引起重大发病率和死亡率，但这些病毒在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。这些病毒在南美洲流行，动物储存宿主分布在很大的地理区域，其传播生态学和溢出潜力部分受土地利用变化和农业的驱动，这些变化使人类经常与人畜共患宿主接触。我们汇集了已发表的关于瓜纳里托病毒、胡宁病毒、马丘波病毒、沙帕雷病毒、萨比亚病毒和淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒的研究，以综述由新世界沙粒病毒引起的病毒性出血热的知识现状。我们总结了有关啮齿动物储存宿主的情况，这些病原体溢出传播的条件，以及出血热疾病风险最高的人群的特征。我们还审查了这些疾病流行地区反复爆发和生物安全问题的影响，以及各国可以采取哪些措施加强监测和提高当地医疗保健系统的能力。虽然这六种病毒中的每一种都存在独特的风险，但它们的生态和流行病学相似性表明，可以采取共同的步骤来减轻溢出传播并更好地控制未来的爆发。
