文献检索，用中文搜 PubMed

INTRODUCTION

Small mammals, especially rodents and bats, are known reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, but little is known about the viromes of insectivorous species including hedgehogs (order Eulipotyphla), which often live near human settlements and come into contact with humans.

METHODS

We used high-throughput sequencing and metaviromic analysis to describe the viromes of 21 hedgehogs (Erinaceus sp.) sampled from summer 2022 to spring 2023. We captured 14 active animals from the wild (seven in European Russia and the other seven in Central Siberia). The remaining 7 animals were hibernating in captivity (captured in European Russia before the experiment).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The diversity of identified viral taxa as well as the total number of reads classified as viral was high in all active animals (up to eight different viral families per animal), but significantly lower in hibernating animals (zero or no more than three different viral families per animal). The present study reports, for the first time, betacoronaviruses and mammasrenaviruses in hedgehogs from Russia. Erinaceus coronaviruses (EriCoVs) were found in 4 of 7 active animals captured in the wild, in European Russia, making it is the easiest finding of EriCoVs in Europe. One animal was found to carry of two different EriCoVs. Both strains belong to the same phylogenetic clade as other coronaviruses from European hedgehogs. Pairwise comparative analysis suggested that one of these two strains arose by recombination with an unknown coronavirus, since all of identified SNPs ( = 288) were found only in the local genome region (the part of ORF1b and S gene). The novel mammarenaviruses (EriAreVs) were detected in 2 out of 7 active and in 2 out of 7 hibernating animals from the European Russia. Several complete L and S segments of EriAreVs were assembled. All identified EriAreVs belonged to the same clade as the recently described MEMV virus from Hungarian hedgehogs. As the hibernating hedgehogs were positive for EriAreVs when kept in controlled conditions without contact with each other, we suggest the possibility of persistent arenavirus infection in hedgehogs, but further experiments are needed to prove this.

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

引言

小型哺乳动物，尤其是啮齿动物和蝙蝠，是已知的人畜共患病毒宿主，但对于包括刺猬（真盲缺目）在内的食虫类动物的病毒组却知之甚少，刺猬常生活在人类聚居地附近并与人类接触。

方法

我们使用高通量测序和宏病毒组分析来描述2022年夏季至2023年春季采集的21只刺猬（刺猬属）的病毒组。我们从野外捕获了14只活动的动物（7只在俄罗斯欧洲部分，另外7只在西伯利亚中部）。其余7只动物在圈养中冬眠（在实验前于俄罗斯欧洲部分捕获）。

结果与讨论

在所有活动的动物中，已鉴定病毒分类群的多样性以及归类为病毒的读数总数都很高（每只动物多达8个不同的病毒科），但在冬眠动物中显著较低（每只动物为零或不超过3个不同的病毒科）。本研究首次报道了俄罗斯刺猬中的β冠状病毒和沙粒病毒。在俄罗斯欧洲部分野外捕获的7只活动动物中的4只中发现了刺猬冠状病毒（EriCoVs），这是欧洲最容易发现的EriCoVs。发现一只动物携带两种不同的EriCoVs。这两种毒株与来自欧洲刺猬的其他冠状病毒属于同一系统发育分支。成对比较分析表明，这两种毒株中的一种是通过与一种未知冠状病毒重组产生的，因为所有已鉴定的单核苷酸多态性（=288）仅在局部基因组区域（ORF1b和S基因的一部分）中发现。在俄罗斯欧洲部分的7只活动动物中的两只以及7只冬眠动物中的两只中检测到了新型沙粒病毒（EriAreVs）。组装了EriAreVs的几个完整的L和S片段。所有鉴定出的EriAreVs与最近描述的来自匈牙利刺猬的MEMV病毒属于同一分支。由于冬眠刺猬在不相互接触的受控条件下对EriAreVs呈阳性，我们认为刺猬中存在持续性沙粒病毒感染的可能性，但需要进一步的实验来证明这一点。