Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2015 Jul;221:4-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Mar 7.
Currently the applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are gaining overwhelming response due to the advancement of nanotechnology. However, only limited information is available with regard to their toxicity mechanism in different species. It is very essential to understand the complete molecular mechanism to explore the functional and long term applications of Ag NPs. Ag NPs could be toxic at cellular, subcellular, biomolecular, and epigenetic levels. Toxicity effects induced by Ag NPs have been evaluated using numerous in vitro and in vivo models, but still there are contradictions in interpretations due to disparity in methodology, test endpoints and several other model parameters which needs to be considered. Thus, this review article focuses on the progressive elucidation of molecular mechanism of toxicity induced by Ag NPs in various in vitro and in vivo models. Apart from these, this review also highlights the various ignored factors which are to be considered during toxicity studies.
目前，由于纳米技术的进步，银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）的应用得到了压倒性的响应。然而，关于它们在不同物种中的毒性机制的信息非常有限。了解完整的分子机制对于探索 Ag NPs 的功能和长期应用非常重要。Ag NPs 可能在细胞、亚细胞、生物分子和表观遗传水平上具有毒性。已经使用许多体外和体内模型评估了 Ag NPs 引起的毒性作用，但由于方法、测试终点和其他几个模型参数的差异，导致解释存在矛盾，需要考虑这些因素。因此，本文综述了 Ag NPs 在各种体外和体内模型中引起毒性的分子机制的研究进展。除此之外，本文还强调了在毒性研究中需要考虑的各种被忽视的因素。
