Peñaranda Augusto, Garcia Juan Manuel
Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.
Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Jul;79(7):993-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
To present the otoscopic and audiological findings of studies carried out in groups of 5-14 year old schoolchildren in diverse indigenous, White, and African descended communities in the Republic of Colombia.
The present study is descriptive and cross-sectional. We obtained a convenience sample for the analysis. We define acute otitis media (AOM), (bulging or redness); tympanic perforation (TP), (disruption of continuity in the tympanic membrane) and sequelea (scarring, myringosclerosis, retractions, secrections). Our results are described as frequencies in percentages. Audiometry was performed in every student. Readings were taken at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz for air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds. Normal hearing is considered up to 20 dB, mild sensorineural hearing loss between 21 and 39 dB, moderate between 40 and 59 dB, severe between 60 and 89 dB and profound more than 90 dB. For conductive hearing loss the air-bone gap is measured.
3052 otoscopies were conducted in 1526 schoolchildren. Males predominated in each group except in the Wayuu group. Otoscopic abnormalities rates varied between 1.5% in Providencia group, up to 9.6% in the Amazon groups. No perforations were found in the Wayuu Indian schoolchildren and the highest frequency of Tympanic perforations (1.2%) and sequelaes (8.2)% in the Amazon groups. Audiometric findings were normal in 94-98% of cases. Conductive hearing loss (CHL) was found in 5.5% of Amazon groups and the lowest (1.4%) in the Wayuu groups. Slight to moderate Neurosensorial Hearing Loss (NHL) were found in 1.3% in the Arhuaca communities and moderate 0.9% in the Amazon groups.
The present study is the first conducted in Colombia to evaluate the frequency of ear diseases and sequelae in populations of 5-14 year old children. High prevalences of sequelaes were found in the indigenous groups of the Amazon and the lowest in the Black schoolchildren on the island of Providencia. It is recommended that medical anthropological studies be conducted in these areas, and evaluation done on the probable connection between these types of diseases and processes of intercultural interaction.
介绍在哥伦比亚共和国不同的原住民、白人及非裔社区中，针对5至14岁学童群体开展的耳镜检查和听力学研究结果。
本研究为描述性横断面研究。我们获取了一个方便样本用于分析。我们定义了急性中耳炎（AOM）（鼓膜膨出或发红）、鼓膜穿孔（TP）（鼓膜连续性中断）和后遗症（瘢痕形成、鼓膜硬化、内陷、分泌物）。我们的结果以百分比形式的频率来描述。对每个学生进行了听力测定。在250、500、1000、2000、4000和8000赫兹处获取气导和骨导阈值的读数。正常听力定义为阈值达20分贝，轻度感音神经性听力损失为21至39分贝，中度为40至59分贝，重度为60至89分贝，极重度超过90分贝。对于传导性听力损失，测量气骨导间距。
对1526名学童进行了3052次耳镜检查。除了瓦尤族群体外，每组中男性占主导。耳镜检查异常率在普罗维登西亚群体中为1.5%，在亚马逊群体中高达9.6%。在瓦尤族印第安学童中未发现穿孔，在亚马逊群体中鼓膜穿孔频率最高（1.2%），后遗症频率最高（8.2%）。听力测定结果在94%至98%的病例中正常。在亚马逊群体中发现5.5%的传导性听力损失（CHL），在瓦尤族群体中最低（1.4%）。在阿尔瓦卡社区中发现1.3%的轻度至中度感音神经性听力损失（NHL），在亚马逊群体中中度为0.9%。
本研究是哥伦比亚首次针对5至14岁儿童群体评估耳部疾病和后遗症频率的研究。在亚马逊的原住民群体中发现后遗症患病率很高，在普罗维登西亚岛的黑人学童中最低。建议在这些地区开展医学人类学研究，并评估这些类型疾病与跨文化互动过程之间可能的联系。
