Sweeney Mary M, Shahan Timothy A
Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
Behav Processes. 2015 Jul;116:43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.04.015. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
Resurgence, relapse induced by the removal of alternative reinforcement, and renewal, relapse induced by a change in contextual stimuli, are typically studied separately in operant conditioning paradigms. In analogous treatments of operant problem behavior, aspects of both relapse phenomena can operate simultaneously. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine a novel method for studying resurgence and renewal in the same experimental preparation. An alternative source of reinforcement was available during extinction for one group of rats (a typical resurgence preparation). Another group experienced an operant renewal preparation in which the extinction context was distinguished via olfactory and visual stimuli. A third group experienced alternative reinforcement delivery in the new context, a novel combination of typical resurgence and renewal preparations. Removal of alternative reinforcement and/or a change in context induced relapse relative to an extinction-only control group. When alternative reinforcement was delivered in a novel context, the alternative response was less persistent relative to when extinction of the alternative response took place in the context in which it was trained. This methodology might be used to illustrate shared (or distinct) mechanisms of resurgence and renewal, and to determine how delivering alternative reinforcement in another context may affect persistence and relapse.
恢复、因撤除替代强化物而引发的复发以及恢复（因情境刺激变化而引发的复发），通常在操作性条件反射范式中被分别研究。在对操作性问题行为的类似处理中，两种复发现象的各个方面可能会同时起作用。因此，本研究的目的是检验一种在同一实验设置中研究恢复和恢复的新方法。对于一组大鼠，在消退期间有替代强化物可用（一种典型的恢复设置）。另一组经历了操作性恢复设置，其中通过嗅觉和视觉刺激区分消退情境。第三组在新情境中经历了替代强化物的给予，这是典型恢复和恢复设置的一种新颖组合。相对于仅进行消退的对照组，撤除替代强化物和/或情境变化会引发复发。当在新情境中给予替代强化物时，与在训练替代反应的情境中进行替代反应消退相比，替代反应的持续性较低。这种方法学可用于阐明恢复和恢复的共同（或不同）机制，并确定在另一种情境中给予替代强化物如何影响持续性和复发。
