Palacin-Arce Alba, Monteagudo Celia, Beas-Jimenez Juan de Dios, Olea-Serrano Fatima, Mariscal-Arcas Miguel
Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment-AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Andalusian Centre of Sport Medicine (CAMD), Junta de Andalucía, Spain.
PLoS One. 2015 May 4;10(5):e0125630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125630. eCollection 2015.
Numerous supplements are used by sportspeople. They are not always appropriate for the individual or the sports activity and may do more harm than good. Vitamin and mineral supplements are unnecessary if the energy intake is sufficient to maintain body weight and derives from a diet with an adequate variety of foods. The study objectives were to evaluate the main nutrients used as supplements in sports and to propose a nutritional quality index (NQI) that enables sportspeople to optimize their use of supplements and detect and remedy possible nutritional deficits.
A nutritional study was performed in 485 sportspeople recruited from Centros Andaluces de Medicina del Deporte, (CAMD). All completed socio-demographic, food frequency, and lifestyle questionnaires. The nutritional quality of their diet and need for supplementation were evaluated by scoring their dietary intake with and without supplementation, yielding two NQI scores (scales of 0-21 points) for each participant.
A superior mean NQI score was obtained when the supplements taken by participants were not included (16. 28 (SD of 3.52)) than when they were included (15.47 (SD: 3.08)), attributable to an excessive intake of some nutrients through supplementation.
These results indicate that sportspeople with a varied and balanced diet do not need supplements, which appear to offer no performance benefits and may pose a health risk.
运动员使用多种补充剂。这些补充剂并非总是适合个人或体育活动，而且可能弊大于利。如果能量摄入足以维持体重且来自种类丰富的食物组成的饮食，那么维生素和矿物质补充剂是不必要的。本研究的目的是评估在体育运动中用作补充剂的主要营养素，并提出一种营养质量指数（NQI），使运动员能够优化补充剂的使用，并检测和纠正可能存在的营养不足。
对从安达卢西亚体育医学中心（CAMD）招募的485名运动员进行了一项营养研究。所有人都完成了社会人口统计学、食物频率和生活方式问卷。通过对他们补充剂摄入前后的饮食摄入量进行评分，评估他们饮食的营养质量和补充需求，为每位参与者得出两个NQI分数（0 - 21分的量表）。
不纳入参与者所服用的补充剂时获得的平均NQI分数（16.28（标准差3.52））高于纳入补充剂时（15.47（标准差：3.08）），这归因于通过补充剂过量摄入了某些营养素。
这些结果表明，饮食多样且均衡的运动员不需要补充剂，补充剂似乎对运动表现没有益处，而且可能带来健康风险。
