Department of Psychology, University of Houston.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2016 Jan;110(1):150-66. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000044. Epub 2015 May 4.
The present study examined whether thin-slice ratings of child personality serve as a resource-efficient and theoretically valid measurement of child personality traits. We extended theoretical work on the observability, perceptual accuracy, and situational consistency of childhood personality traits by examining intersource and interjudge agreement, cross-situational consistency, and convergent, divergent, and predictive validity of thin-slice ratings. Forty-five unacquainted independent coders rated 326 children's (ages 8-12) personality in 1 of 15 thin-slice behavioral scenarios (i.e., 3 raters per slice, for over 14,000 independent thin-slice ratings). Mothers, fathers, and children rated children's personality, psychopathology, and competence. We found robust evidence for correlations between thin-slice and mother/father ratings of child personality, within- and across-task consistency of thin-slice ratings, and convergent and divergent validity with psychopathology and competence. Surprisingly, thin-slice ratings were more consistent across situations in this child sample than previously found for adults. Taken together, these results suggest that thin slices are a valid and reliable measure to assess child personality, offering a useful method of measurement beyond questionnaires, helping to address novel questions of personality perception and consistency in childhood.
本研究考察了儿童人格的薄片评价是否可以作为一种资源高效且具有理论有效性的儿童人格特质测量方法。我们通过考察源间和裁判间一致性、跨情境一致性以及薄片评价的聚合、发散和预测效度，扩展了关于儿童人格特质可观察性、知觉准确性和情境一致性的理论工作。45 名互不相识的独立裁判者在 15 个薄片行为场景中的 1 个场景中（即每个薄片 3 名裁判，超过 14,000 个独立薄片评价）对 326 名儿童（8-12 岁）的人格进行了评价。母亲、父亲和儿童评价了儿童的人格、心理病理学和能力。我们发现薄片评价与母亲/父亲对儿童人格的评价之间存在相关，薄片评价的内部和跨任务一致性，以及与心理病理学和能力的聚合和发散效度都存在可靠的证据。令人惊讶的是，与以前在成年人中发现的相比，薄片评价在这个儿童样本中更能跨情境保持一致。综上所述，这些结果表明薄片评价是一种有效且可靠的测量儿童人格的方法，提供了一种超越问卷的有用测量方法，有助于解决人格知觉和一致性方面的新问题。
