Bohár Zsuzsanna, Toldi József, Fülöp Ferenc, Vécsei László
MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary.
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Apr 29;16(5):9772-93. doi: 10.3390/ijms16059772.
Kynurenines are the products of tryptophan metabolism. Among them, kynurenine and kynurenic acid are generally thought to have neuroprotective properties, while 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid are considered neurotoxic. They participate in immunoregulation and inflammation and possess pro- or anti-excitotoxic properties, and their involvement in oxidative stress has also been suggested. Consequently, it is not surprising that kynurenines have been closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. More information about the less-known metabolites, picolinic and cinnabarinic acid, evaluation of new receptorial targets, such as aryl-hydrocarbon receptors, and intensive research on the field of the immunomodulatory function of kynurenines delineated the high importance of this pathway in general homeostasis. Emerging knowledge about the kynurenine pathway provides new target points for the development of therapeutical solutions against neurodegenerative diseases.
犬尿氨酸是色氨酸代谢的产物。其中，犬尿氨酸和犬尿酸通常被认为具有神经保护特性，而3-羟基犬尿氨酸、3-羟基邻氨基苯甲酸和喹啉酸则被认为具有神经毒性。它们参与免疫调节和炎症反应，具有促兴奋毒性或抗兴奋毒性特性，并且也有人提出它们参与氧化应激。因此，犬尿氨酸与神经退行性疾病密切相关，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症，这并不奇怪。关于鲜为人知的代谢产物吡啶甲酸和朱红酸的更多信息、对新受体靶点（如芳烃受体）的评估以及对犬尿氨酸免疫调节功能领域的深入研究，都表明了这条途径在整体稳态中的高度重要性。关于犬尿氨酸途径的新知识为开发针对神经退行性疾病的治疗方案提供了新的靶点。
