Needham Marie, Gummerum Michaela, Mandeville-Norden Rebecca, Rakestrow-Dickens Janine, Mewse Avril, Barnes Andrew, Hanoch Yaniv
School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, Faculty of Health & Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Devon & Cornwall Probation Service, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Jun;39(6):1100-7. doi: 10.1111/acer.12738. Epub 2015 May 2.
Cognitive behavioral therapy-based alcohol treatment programs have been widely used to break the link between alcohol and crime. While evidence exists on the connection between alcohol and crime, there is little data that demonstrate the effectiveness of different alcohol treatment programs in reducing criminal behavior. We tested whether male offenders who participate in alcohol treatment programs show lower rates of recidivism than a matched offender group who did not participate in an alcohol prevention program.
This is an observational matched case-control study. Participants were 564 male offenders with an alcohol problem related to offending. Participants were assigned by the courts to 1 of 3 alcohol treatment programs (141 offenders per treatment): Low Intensity Alcohol Program (LIAP), Alcohol Specified Activity Requirement, and Addressing Substance-Related Offending. A fourth matched group (n = 141) was not assigned to a program and served as a control group. Survival analysis was used to calculate participants' charged and reconviction rates over 4 time periods (0 to 3, 4 to 6, 7 to 9, and 10 to 12 months after completion of program or order).
Offenders who did not participate in a program were more than twice as likely to be charged compared to offenders who participated in a program. Furthermore, offenders who did not participate in a program were over 2.5 times more likely to be reconvicted. Among the 3 alcohol treatment programs evaluated, the LIAP was the most cost-effective.
Offenders enrolled in an alcohol treatment program showed a significant reduction in being charged with or reconvicted of a crime. With costs of keeping offenders in prison per year reaching close to £40,000 per offender per year (Mulheirn et al., 2010, www.smf.co.uk), assigning offenders to alcohol preventive programs-such as LIAP-are a promising way to reduce recidivism and reduce cost.
基于认知行为疗法的酒精治疗项目已被广泛用于切断酒精与犯罪之间的联系。虽然有证据表明酒精与犯罪之间存在关联，但几乎没有数据能证明不同的酒精治疗项目在减少犯罪行为方面的有效性。我们测试了参与酒精治疗项目的男性罪犯的累犯率是否低于未参与酒精预防项目的匹配罪犯组。
这是一项观察性匹配病例对照研究。参与者为564名与犯罪相关的有酒精问题的男性罪犯。法院将参与者分配到3个酒精治疗项目中的1个（每个治疗项目141名罪犯）：低强度酒精项目（LIAP）、酒精特定活动要求项目和解决与物质相关的犯罪项目。第四个匹配组（n = 141）未被分配到项目中，作为对照组。生存分析用于计算参与者在4个时间段（项目或命令完成后的0至3个月、4至6个月、7至9个月和10至12个月）的被指控率和再次定罪率。
未参与项目的罪犯被指控的可能性是参与项目的罪犯的两倍多。此外，未参与项目的罪犯再次定罪的可能性高出2.5倍多。在评估的3个酒精治疗项目中，LIAP是最具成本效益的。
参加酒精治疗项目的罪犯被指控犯罪或再次定罪的情况显著减少。由于每年将罪犯关押在监狱的成本接近每名罪犯每年40,000英镑（Mulheirn等人，2010年，www.smf.co.uk），将罪犯分配到酒精预防项目（如LIAP）是减少累犯率和降低成本的一种有前景的方法。
