Poćwierz-Kotus Anita, Bernaś Rafał, Kent Matthew P, Lien Sigbjørn, Leliűna Egidijus, Dębowski Piotr, Wenne Roman
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, 81-712, Poland.
Department of Migratory Fishes in Gdansk 80-298, Inland Fisheries Institute, Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland.
Genet Sel Evol. 2015 May 6;47(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12711-015-0121-9.
Native populations of Atlantic salmon in Poland, from the southern Baltic region, became extinct in the 1980s. Attempts to restitute salmon populations in Poland have been based on a Latvian salmon population from the Daugava river. Releases of hatchery reared smolts started in 1986, but to date, only one population with confirmed natural reproduction has been observed in the Slupia river. Our aim was to investigate the genetic differentiation of salmon populations in the southern Baltic using a 7K SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array in order to assess the impact of salmon restitution in Poland.
One hundred and forty salmon samples were collected from: the Polish Slupia river including wild salmon and individuals from two hatcheries, the Swedish Morrum river and the Lithuanian Neman river. All samples were genotyped using an Atlantic salmon 7K SNP array. A set of 3218 diagnostic SNPs was used for genetic analyses.
Genetic structure analyses indicated that the individuals from the investigated populations were clustered into three groups i.e. one clade that included individuals from both hatcheries and the wild population from the Polish Slupia river, which was clearly separated from the other clades. An assignment test showed that there were no stray fish from the Morrum or Neman rivers in the sample analyzed from the Slupia river. Global FST over polymorphic loci was high (0.177). A strong genetic differentiation was observed between the Lithuanian and Swedish populations (FST = 0.28).
Wild juvenile salmon specimens that were sampled from the Slupia river were the progeny of fish released from hatcheries and, most likely, were not progeny of stray fish from Sweden or Lithuania. Strong genetic differences were observed between the salmon populations from the three studied locations. Our recommendation is that future stocking activities that aim at restituting salmon populations in Poland include stocking material from the Lithuanian Neman river because of its closer geographic proximity.
波兰南部波罗的海地区的本土大西洋鲑种群于20世纪80年代灭绝。波兰恢复鲑鱼种群的尝试基于来自道加瓦河的拉脱维亚鲑鱼种群。1986年开始放流孵化场培育的幼鲑，但迄今为止，仅在斯卢皮亚河观察到一个有自然繁殖确认的种群。我们的目的是使用7K单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列研究波罗的海南部鲑鱼种群的遗传分化，以评估波兰鲑鱼恢复的影响。
从以下地点采集了140份鲑鱼样本：波兰的斯卢皮亚河，包括野生鲑鱼和来自两个孵化场的个体；瑞典的莫鲁姆河；立陶宛的涅曼河。所有样本均使用大西洋鲑7K SNP阵列进行基因分型。一组3218个诊断性SNP用于遗传分析。
遗传结构分析表明，所调查种群的个体聚为三组，即一个分支包括来自两个孵化场的个体以及波兰斯卢皮亚河的野生种群，该分支与其他分支明显分开。归属测试表明，在从斯卢皮亚河分析的样本中没有来自莫鲁姆河或涅曼河的迷途鱼。多态位点的全局FST较高（0.177）。在立陶宛和瑞典种群之间观察到强烈的遗传分化（FST = 0.28）。
从斯卢皮亚河采集的野生幼鲑样本是孵化场放流鱼类的后代，很可能不是来自瑞典或立陶宛的迷途鱼的后代。在三个研究地点的鲑鱼种群之间观察到强烈的遗传差异。我们的建议是，未来旨在恢复波兰鲑鱼种群的放流活动应包括使用来自立陶宛涅曼河的放流材料，因为其地理位置更近。
