Chisholm Andrew D
Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California.
Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015 Apr 1;4(4):264-271. doi: 10.1089/wound.2014.0552.
Healing of epidermal wounds is a fundamentally conserved process found in essentially all multicellular organisms. Studies of anatomically simple and genetically tractable model invertebrates can illuminate the roles of key genes and mechanisms in wound healing. The nematode skin is composed of a simple epithelium, the epidermis (also known as hypodermis), and an associated extracellular cuticle. Nematodes likely have a robust capacity for epidermal repair; yet until recently, relatively few studies have directly analyzed wound healing. Here we review epidermal wound responses and repair in the model nematode . Wounding the epidermis triggers a cutaneous innate immune response and wound closure. The innate immune response involves upregulation of a suite of antimicrobial peptides. Wound closure involves a Ca-triggered rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. These processes appear to be initiated independently, yet, their coordinated activity allows the animal to survive otherwise fatal skin wounds. Unanswered questions include the nature of the damage-associated molecular patterns sensed by the epidermis, the signaling pathways relaying Ca to the cytoskeleton, and the mechanisms of permeability barrier repair.
表皮伤口愈合是一个在基本上所有多细胞生物中都存在的基本保守过程。对解剖结构简单且遗传上易于处理的无脊椎动物模型的研究，可以阐明关键基因和机制在伤口愈合中的作用。线虫的皮肤由一个简单的上皮组织，即表皮（也称为皮下组织）和相关的细胞外角质层组成。线虫可能具有强大的表皮修复能力；然而直到最近，相对较少的研究直接分析伤口愈合。在这里，我们综述模式线虫中的表皮伤口反应和修复。损伤表皮会引发皮肤固有免疫反应和伤口闭合。固有免疫反应涉及一系列抗菌肽的上调。伤口闭合涉及由钙触发的肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排。这些过程似乎是独立启动的，然而，它们的协同活动使动物能够在原本致命的皮肤伤口中存活下来。未解决的问题包括表皮感知到的损伤相关分子模式的性质、将钙传递到细胞骨架的信号通路以及通透性屏障修复的机制。
